Ackama Genus

Ackama australiensis
Ackama australiensis, by ibsut, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Ackama is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cunoniaceae (order Oxalidales), first described by Allan Cunningham in 1839. Members are shrubs or trees reaching up to 12 m in height, with branchlets and young growth typically covered in short brownish hairs. Leaves are imparipinnate (pinnate with a single terminal leaflet), with sharply serrate leaflets that bear small hairy pits (domatia) on the underside at the junction of main veins; stipules are prominent, foliaceous, and heavily veined. Inflorescences are much-branched panicles up to 15 cm long, bearing numerous small flowers approximately 3 mm across with ovate sepals, narrow petals, exserted stamens, and persistent styles. The fruit is a pilose ovoid capsule 3–4 mm long, crowned by persistent sepals and styles. Some species produce useful timber. The chromosome number for the genus is 2n=32. The genus spans Southeast Asia (Philippines, Maluku), New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, eastern Australia (Queensland and New South Wales), and New Zealand, where the type species Ackama rosifolia is endemic to the North Island.

Etymology

The genus name Ackama is formed from the Māori name "maka-maka" for the New Zealand species Ackama rosifolia. The genus was first described by Allan Cunningham in 1839.

Distribution

The genus Ackama has a broad native range spanning the Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea (including the Bismarck Archipelago), the Solomon Islands, eastern Australia (Queensland and New South Wales), and New Zealand. In New Zealand, the type species Ackama rosifolia is endemic to the North Island, occurring from near Kaitaia south to just north of Wellsford, often rather locally south of Whangarei.

Ecology

Ackama species inhabit lowland forest, forest margins, and stream-side habitats. In New Zealand, Ackama rosifolia flowers from September to November and fruits from January to March, with its hairy carpels dispersed by wind.

Cultivation

Ackama rosifolia is described as a fast-growing, attractive small tree suitable for cultivation. It is drought-intolerant and requires damp soil and a sunny aspect to thrive.

Conservation

The New Zealand endemic Ackama rosifolia is assessed as Not Threatened under the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS 2023), with a consistent non-threatened status in all assessments since 2004.

Taxonomy

The genus has a complex taxonomic history with some species previously classified under Caldcluvia. For example, the type species Ackama rosifolia A.Cunn. bears the synonym Caldcluvia rosifolia (A.Cunn.) Hoogland. The genus was first described by Allan Cunningham in 1839 within the family Cunoniaceae.

Propagation

Ackama rosifolia can be propagated from semi-hardwood cuttings and from fresh seed.