Euphorbia abyssinica aka Abyssinian Spurge

Euphorbia abyssinica is a spiny succulent tree in the spurge family. Gardeners also call it Abyssinian spurge or Ethiopian euphorbia. Its native range runs from Sudan through Eritrea and Ethiopia to Somalia. It also grows in Djibouti. It lives on steep, rocky slopes in dry regions. Some sites hold dense stands of this tree.

A short, thick trunk supports a crown of upright branches. These give the plant a candelabra shape. Size reports vary widely with the source and growing conditions. LLIFLE describes trees near 15 feet [4.5 metres], with taller examples. RHS gives a mature range of 26–39 feet [8–12 metres]. Its spread can reach 13–26 feet [4–8 metres]. Houseplants and conservatory plants stay smaller because pots restrict growth. RHS places maturity at about ten to twenty years.

The green stems make food while the tree lacks leaves. Deep ribs run along each branch, with wavy edges. Short spines grow in pairs along these edges. Small, narrow leaves can form at the branch tips. Warmth and moisture during growth help these leaves emerge. Small yellowish flowers form in groups, and insects pollinate them. Fruits turn red as they ripen. They later become brown and split along three lobes.

Give this plant full sun and soil that drains well. It can also grow in light shade. RHS recommends equal parts loam-based, peat-free compost and grit indoors. Water moderately during growth, then keep it dry in winter. Use low-nitrogen liquid feed two or three times during growth. It resists drought but cannot survive frost. RHS rates it H2; Chicago lists USDA zones 9–11. Its bold shape suits pots, patios, greenhouses, and conservatories. Pruning is not essential, though cutting back can limit size.

Watch for mealybugs, whitefly, and red spider mites under glass. Root rot and powdery mildew can also cause trouble. The plant harms people and pets if they eat it. Its milky sap can irritate skin and damage eyes. Wear gloves and other protective gear when handling it. No edible uses are known. Traditional healers use its bark and sap for several ailments. These records do not establish safe treatments. People also use its soft wood for containers, furniture, roofing, and fuel.