Farfugium japonicum aka Leopard Plant

Farfugium japonicum, or leopard plant, belongs to the daisy family. It is a perennial that grows in dense clumps. Its native range runs from southern China to Japan and Taiwan. It grows on coastal cliffs, beside streams, and in damp meadows. It also occurs in low forests, grassy slopes, and valleys. Garden plants reach about 1–3 feet (0.3–0.9 metres) tall. RHS gives an upper height and spread of 3.3 feet (1 metre). NC State gives a narrower spread of 1–2 feet (0.3–0.6 metres).

The large leaves form a cluster at the plant’s base. Long leaf stalks hold them above the soil. Each leaf has a kidney shape and a glossy surface. The blades feel leathery or slightly fleshy. They can reach 1 foot (0.3 metres) in length. RHS describes rich green leaves; NC State also reports gold spots. Leaves stay green in mild weather but die back below 20°F. The broad foliage gives the plant much of its garden value.

Yellow flower heads rise in loose, branched clusters called corymbs. Each head looks like a daisy. Sources give flower widths of about 1–2 inches. Bloom dates differ with the source and growing region. Missouri Botanical Garden lists September through October. NC State reports flowers from late summer into fall. RHS places flowering in late autumn and early winter. Some gardeners remove the flowers to keep attention on the leaves.

Grow this plant in partial or full shade. Direct sun can scorch its leaves. It needs fertile soil that stays moist but drains well. It accepts clay, loam, sand, and chalk across varied pH levels. Deep summer watering helps it grow well. Heat can cause wilting even when the soil stays moist. Protect it from cold winds that dry the leaves. RHS recommends a deep winter mulch in colder places. Sources list USDA zones 7–10 and UK hardiness H3.

Use it in shaded borders, woodland groups, or beside ponds. It also suits pots and ground-cover planting. Deer resistance adds value where browsing is a problem. Slugs and snails can badly damage the foliage. RHS reports few disease problems and no need for pruning. Divide clumps in spring, or sow seed in winter or spring. PFAF records cooked leaf stalks as food, after boiling and peeling. It reports no known hazards, but this does not establish pet safety. PFAF also records traditional medicinal uses, not proof of treatment benefits.