Ficus thonningii aka Small Figtree

Ficus thonningii, or strangler fig, belongs to the mulberry family, Moraceae. Its native range covers Cape Verde and tropical and southern Africa. It grows in upland woods, grassland, and along rivers. It also occurs among rocks and in some savannahs. This evergreen tree forms a dense, rounded or spreading crown. The listed height is about 49 feet [15 metres]. The broader reported range is 20–69 feet [6–21 metres].

The tree often starts life as an epiphyte on another tree. Its aerial roots grow down until they reach the soil. They then thicken and draw water and nutrients from the ground. Roots surround the host trunk and restrict its growth. At the same time, the fig's crown shades the host's leaves. The host can die as the fig takes over. The mature fig may have several trunks and stout supporting roots. Its large branches spread out from this broad framework. Damaged bark releases white, milky latex.

Wasps pollinate the flowers, and fruiting can occur through much of the year. The small fruits measure about 0.3–0.6 inches across. People cook the fruit and use ripe fruit for jam. They also cook the leaves and sometimes eat them as greens. The source lists no known hazards. This does not establish safety for pets or all uses. Local medicine uses the bark, roots, and latex for many ailments. These records describe traditional uses, not proof of safe treatment.

This fig suits warm tropical sites with dry or moist seasons. It prefers full sun but accepts some shade. Deep, well-drained soil with organic matter suits it best. It grows on varied soils, favouring sandy or loamy ground. Its preferred soil pH lies between 5 and 7. Established trees withstand some drought. Growth is quick, but cold winds can harm the plant. Young trees need protection for their first two or three years in colder areas.

People plant this tree for shade in schoolyards, markets, and recreation grounds. It also provides shelter during cooler months. Its broad crown gives cover, while its roots shape its striking form. Bark supplies fibre for cloth, mats, and strong rope. The tree also yields useful latex and workable wood. Growers raise it from seed, air layers, or cuttings. Large cuttings root readily, though their bases can rot. The evidence gives no specific pest or disease account.