Fitzroya cupressoides aka Chilean False Larch

Fitzroya cupressoides is an evergreen tree in the cypress family, Cupressaceae. Its common names include alerce and Patagonian cypress. It comes from southern Chile and southwestern Argentina. Its range includes Los Lagos in Chile. In Argentina, it grows in Chubut, Neuquén and Río Negro. This temperate tree often grows on boggy ground. It also grows at cooler, higher sites with humid air.

The tree has a tall, upright form with a cone-shaped crown. It grows slowly and can live for a long time. RHS describes trees reaching about 82 feet [25 metres] in cultivation. Its size guide gives a broader height class above 39 feet [12 metres]. Native trees can grow much taller than the stated garden height. The listed spread exceeds 26 feet [8 metres]. Allow ample room for its mature crown. RHS gives a maturity period of 20–50 years.

The red-brown bark peels as the tree grows. Large branches droop and carry sprays of green leaves. These scale-like leaves have white bands and grow in threes. Each leaf can reach six millimetres long. The small, round cones measure up to eight millimetres across. Each cone has nine scales. Cones start green and turn brown as they ripen. The tree keeps its foliage throughout the year.

Choose full sun for the best growth. RHS also lists partial shade as suitable. Use moderately fertile soil that stays moist but drains well. The tree accepts chalk, loam and sand. It also tolerates acid, neutral and alkaline soil. Shelter it from strong winds, which can damage older branches. RHS rates its UK hardiness as H4. PFAF lists USDA zones 7–10. Its size and shape suit large gardens and woodland canopy planting. RHS suggests it as a bold structural tree needing little upkeep.

Routine pruning is not needed. Grow new plants from seed or semi-ripe cuttings. RHS reports few usual pest or disease problems. PFAF records no known edible or medicinal uses. It also lists no known hazards, rather than confirming safety. People use fibre from the inner bark to seal boats. The light, durable wood serves building work, carpentry and musical instruments. PFAF also reports that the wood resists insect attack.