Fothergilla gardenii aka Dwarf Witch Alder

Fothergilla gardenii is a small shrub in the witch-hazel family. Gardeners call it dwarf fothergilla or coastal witch-alder. It grows wild on the southeastern United States coastal plain. Its range reaches from North Carolina to Alabama and Florida's panhandle. It lives in wet savannas, bogs, and other damp sites. This deciduous shrub loses its leaves each fall.

Most garden accounts give heights of 2–3 feet [0.6–0.9 metres]. Plants spread about 2–4 feet [0.6–1.2 metres]. Some sources report heights and widths reaching 6 feet [1.8 metres]. It grows slowly and forms a dense, rounded mound. Several stems rise from the base. Root suckers can spread the plant into a thicket. Its gray-brown bark has small, pale pores called lenticels. Thin brown twigs bend in a zigzag pattern. Fine hairs cover the twigs and buds.

The simple leaves grow one at a time along stems. They range from blue-green to dark green, with pale undersides. Most measure 1–2.5 inches, though Florida reports larger leaves. They feel thick and leathery, with a puckered surface. Small teeth line the upper part of each leaf. Fall brings shades of yellow, orange, red, and sometimes purple. White flower spikes open in spring, before the leaves. April and May are the main bloom months. Each spike looks like a small brush. The flowers lack petals; white stamens and yellow anthers provide color. Their sweet scent draws bees and other insects seeking nectar. Small, beaked capsules ripen in September and October. Each holds two black seeds, which it shoots out.

Grow it in moist, acidic soil that drains well. Soil rich in organic matter suits it best. It accepts full sun or partial shade. Sun can improve bloom and fall color. Afternoon shade helps in hot, dry summer weather. Sources differ on clay; some favor it, others discourage heavy soils. It tolerates wet ground and some drought. Long dry spells can still cause stress, especially in sun. Most sources place it in USDA zones 5–8.

Use it near foundations, in borders, or in woodland gardens. Groups can form a low, loose hedge. Flowers and fall leaves provide its main garden interest. It needs little care and has few serious pest or disease problems. Clipping can reduce bloom. Stem cuttings offer a way to raise more plants.