Gillenia trifoliata aka Bowman's Root

Gillenia trifoliata is a perennial in the rose family. Its common names include Bowman's root and Indian physic. It is native to eastern North America, including southern Ontario. Its range reaches Georgia and extends west to Arkansas and Louisiana. It grows in wooded hills, rocky woods, and rich woodland soils. Garden plants form upright, bushy clumps and lose their leaves in winter.

Most plants reach 2–3 feet [0.6–0.9 metres] in height. RHS gives an upper garden height near 3.3 feet [1 metre]. Some plants reach 4 feet [1.2 metres]. Spread ranges from about 0.3–3 feet [0.1–0.9 metres] across the sources. Thin, smooth stems branch and have a reddish-brown tint. They may need stakes to stay upright. Leaves grow alternately along the stems and have very short stalks. Each leaf has three pointed, olive-green leaflets with toothed edges. Small stipules sit at the leaf base. Fall brings red, burgundy, or orange leaf colour.

The flowers have five slim petals, often with slight twists. They are white or faintly pink and form star shapes. Loose corymbs rise above the leaves on fine red stems. Bloom starts in late spring and can last into summer. Reported dates range from April through August across the sources. Red calyces stay on the plant after the petals fall. Fruit appears from August to October. The flowers draw butterflies and other pollinators into the garden.

Partial shade suits this plant best, with moist soil that drains well. It prefers fertile, humus-rich soil with an acid to neutral pH. It grows in clay, loam, sand, and rocky ground. Full sun needs enough soil moisture and shade during peak heat. Established plants can cope with brief dry spells. Growth is moderate, but new plants may take time to settle. Plants reach maturity in two to five years. Sources rate it for USDA zones 4–8 and UK hardiness H7.

Use it in borders, native gardens, rock gardens, or natural areas. Group planting shows the loose flower sprays well. The flowers also suit cutting. Care needs are low, and RHS lists no pruning needs. Sources report few serious pest or disease problems. PFAF lists no known food uses or hazards. It records medicinal use of the roots and root bark. These preparations can cause vomiting or act as strong laxatives.