Gordonia lasianthus aka Loblolly Bay

Gordonia lasianthus, or loblolly bay, is an evergreen tree. It belongs to the tea family, Theaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States. It grows on coastal plains and in swamp forests. It also grows in wet pine savannas. In North Carolina, its range includes the southern Tidewater region. Soil moisture helps set its full size and shape.

In gardens, expect heights of 35–60 feet [10.7–18.3 metres]. Some sources give upper heights of 70–75 feet [21.3–22.9 metres]. Its crown spreads 10–15 feet [3–4.6 metres]. The tree grows at a moderate pace, often with one trunk. Its narrow crown forms a column or pyramid with open branches. Some soil types lead to a more shrubby form. Young bark ranges from cream to reddish tones. Older bark turns gray or reddish brown. It has deep, narrow grooves. Smooth green or brown stems bear simple leaves. Each leaf has one blade, and leaves grow in an alternate pattern. The leaves are glossy and feel like leather. They have toothed edges and pale undersides. Some turn red in fall before they drop.

White flowers with a scent open from late spring through summer. Bloom can last until frost, but flowers are few. In North Carolina, they bloom from July to September. Each flower forms a cup with five petals. Many gold stamens sit in the center. Flowers often sit high in the crown on red stalks. Bees, hummingbirds, and other insects come for nectar. Brown, woody seed pods, called capsules, ripen in fall. Each splits into five parts and holds flat, winged seeds.

Grow this tree in moist, acidic soil. It accepts sand, loam, and clay, and can withstand floods. Sources differ on how well the soil should drain. Some favor drained sites; others suggest boggy ground. Part shade suits it well. Full sun works with enough moisture. Its shallow roots make drought a grave risk without watering. It does not suit dry climates or salt spray. Sources place it in USDA zones 7–9. It needs little pruning but can be hard to grow. Trees may not live long. Young plants can get root rot.

The narrow crown suits use as a specimen tree with little overhead space. Growers can train it flat as an espalier. It also helps restore disturbed sites. Its leaves shelter wildlife through winter and harsh weather. Deer may browse it despite its resistance to deer damage. Borers may attack weak trees. Aphids and caterpillars also occur. Sources report few serious pest or disease problems. People once used the bark to tan leather. The soft, light, pink wood serves for cabinets and pulp. The supplied sources do not establish whether humans can eat it. Nor do they establish whether it is toxic.