Leymus cinereus aka Basin Wild Rye

Basin wildrye is easy to grow once established, making it suitable for low-maintenance landscapes and restoration projects. While seedling vigor is only fair and stands may take 2-5 years to fully establish, mature plants are extremely hardy, long-lived, and require minimal care. The species tolerates poor soils, drought, alkaline conditions, and strong winds, thriving with neglect in appropriate climates.

Propagate Basin wildrye from seed or by division. Sow seeds in mid-spring, barely covering them, and expect germination within 2 weeks. A 2-week cold stratification treatment improves germination rates and speed. Seed viability typically ranges from 30-60%, so sow generously. Division can be done in spring or summer by separating established clumps. Established plants also spread slowly via tillers and short rhizomes.

Basin wildrye is the largest cool-season bunchgrass native to western North America, typically reaching 1.5-2 meters tall with flowering stems up to 3 meters under optimal conditions. Clumps spread 30-100 centimeters in diameter. The growth rate is fast, with the plant being one of the first grasses to emerge in spring. It forms substantial, long-lived clumps that can persist for decades when properly managed.

Basin wildrye is native to western and central North America, ranging from British Columbia and Saskatchewan in Canada south through the western United States to California, Arizona, and New Mexico. It grows in diverse habitats including sagebrush-steppe, arid grasslands, forest edges, riverbanks, and mountain slopes from 1,400 to 3,000 meters elevation. The species is a dominant grass in the Great Basin and Intermountain West regions.

Basin wildrye adapts to a wide range of soils, preferring deep, well-drained sandy to loamy soils but tolerating poor, rocky, and even moderately saline conditions. Optimal growth occurs in silty to clay soils with 38-64 centimeters annual precipitation. The species tolerates mildly acidic to mildly alkaline pH (adaptable across the range). Avoid soils high in boron, which can inhibit seedling establishment.

Basin wildrye is exclusively an outdoor plant, native to open habitats in western North America. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 4-9 and is not frost tender. The species requires full sun and tolerates strong winds, making it ideal for exposed sites, prairies, and restoration projects. It performs best in areas with cold winters and warm, dry summers typical of continental and Mediterranean climates.

Basin wildrye produces tall, erect flowering spikes from June through August. The inflorescence is a dense spike up to 25 centimeters long, bearing 2-4 awnless spikelets at each node with 3-6 florets per spikelet. Flowers are inconspicuous and tan to straw-colored, typical of wind-pollinated grasses. Seeds mature by August-September and provide food for birds and small mammals.

Basin wildrye is wind-pollinated, typical of grass species in the family Poaceae. The inconspicuous flowers lack showy petals and nectar that would attract insect pollinators. Pollen is released from the stamens and carried by wind to receptive stigmas on neighboring plants. The species produces abundant pollen during its June-August flowering period.

Basin wildrye is susceptible to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), which causes orange striped lesions on leaves, though natural resistance varies among populations. The species can also be affected by ergot fungus (Claviceps species), which infects developing seeds and produces toxic alkaloids. Otherwise, established plants are generally robust with few serious pest problems in their native range.

Cut back Basin wildrye to 10-15 centimeters in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. This removes old, weathered foliage and promotes vigorous spring regrowth. Avoid heavy cutting during the growing season, as the elevated growing points (10-15 centimeters above soil) make the plant sensitive to close defoliation. In natural settings, fire serves a similar rejuvenation function.

Two main cultivars have been developed for rangeland restoration. 'Magnar' was released in 1979 by the Aberdeen, Idaho Plant Materials Center, selected for vigor and adapted to the Northwest and Intermountain regions with 20+ centimeters annual precipitation. 'Trailhead' was released in 1991 by the Bridger, Montana PMC, selected for stand longevity and drought tolerance, suited for the Northern Great Plains and Intermountain regions.

The seeds of Basin wildrye are edible and can be ground into flour for bread-making, earning an edibility rating of 2/5 from PFAF. However, caution is essential due to the risk of ergot fungal infection in the seed heads. Ergot produces toxic alkaloids that are not destroyed by cooking and can cause serious illness. Always inspect seeds carefully and avoid any showing signs of dark, elongated fungal bodies.

Basin wildrye has important ecological and practical uses beyond edibility. It excels at soil stabilization, wind erosion control, and creating vegetative terraces for water erosion prevention. The dense clumps provide critical wildlife habitat and forage for elk, deer, bighorn sheep, and livestock. Native Americans used the leaves to line food caches and winter houses, and split stems for decorative purposes.

Summer care is minimal as the plant tolerates drought. In fall, allow seed heads to mature for wildlife or collect seeds for propagation. Cut back dead foliage in late winter before spring growth. The species requires no special winter protection within its hardiness range (zones 4-9).

Basin Wild Rye should be watered regularly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.

Basin Wild Rye requires abundant, bright, and direct light to thrive. The best placement for this plant is within one foot of a window to ensure it receives enough light. If you live in an area with more extreme weather, such as hot summers or cold winters, you may need to adjust the placement of the plant accordingly. During hot summer months, it is important to place the plant away from full sun, as this can cause the leaves to yellow or burn. During cold winter months, it is best to move the plant closer to the window to take advantage of the extra light that can help it survive. By keeping an eye on the current weather in your area, you can make sure your Great Basin Wild Rye is always in the right place to thrive.

Repotting the Basin Wild Rye should be done either when it has doubled in size or on a yearly basis, whichever occurs sooner. Fresh potting soil with all the required nutrients, refreshed annually, will provide the plant with all the necessary sustenance, making the use of fertilizer unnecessary. Keep in mind that plants receive their energy from the sun, not fertilizer.

There is no verified data on the toxicity of this plant in the records of Ploi. If any person, including yourself, a family member, or a pet, consume plant material with an uncertain toxicity level, it is advisable to seek the advice of a healthcare expert.