Pinus quadrifolia aka Parry Pinyon

Pinus quadrifolia is an evergreen tree in the pine family. Its common names include Parry piñon and four-leaved pinyon. Its native range runs from southwest California into Baja California, Mexico. It grows on dry mesas and low mountain slopes. In the Santa Rosa Mountains, it reaches elevations near 4,920 feet [1,500 metres]. Its native range has a subtropical climate.

This slow-growing tree branches low and forms a dense, spreading crown. Virginia Tech gives a height of 30 feet [9.1 metres]. Plants For A Future reports a greater height of 49 feet [15 metres]. Young bark is smooth and gray. Older bark turns reddish brown and forms scaly ridges. The slender to medium-thick twigs are light orange-brown. Their pointed buds are light reddish brown. Stout needles curve slightly toward the branches and have sharp tips. Most bundles hold four needles, though some hold three or five. The outer faces are green, with white bands along inner edges.

Male and female cones grow on the same tree. Male cones form tight clusters at branch ends. Their color ranges from pale yellow to red. Female cones are purple and grow alone or in small groups. Plants For A Future places flowering in spring. Wind carries the pollen, and the tree is not self-fertile. The woody seed cones are broad, resinous, and yellow-brown. They have thick scales and very short stalks. Each scale holds two large seeds without wings. Seeds ripen in October, while cones can stay for years.

Give this pine full sun and soil that drains well. It suits sandy or gravelly loam, including soil low in nutrients. Mildly acid to neutral soil is suitable. It accepts dry or moist ground but dislikes poor drainage. Established trees withstand drought and can grow in hot, dry sites. Plants For A Future lists USDA zones 5–8. Its dense crown suits screens and use as a specimen tree. Young plants need protection during their first winter or two.

The seeds can be eaten raw or cooked. They are rich in oil, with a soft texture and mild resin taste. They served as an important food for Indigenous people of Baja California. Reported craft uses include baskets made from roots and roofing made from bark. Needles also yield tan or green dye.