Ranunculus acris aka Meadow Buttercup

Ranunculus acris is known as meadow buttercup or tall buttercup. It belongs to the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. Its native range spans Greenland, Europe, and much of northern Asia. It also includes the Aleutian Islands. The plant is native to Britain and Ireland. It now grows wild across much of Canada and the US. It occurs in damp meadows, pastures, roadsides, and disturbed ground. Some plants also grow on damp rock ledges and in gullies.

This perennial forms upright clumps and loses its leaves in winter. Garden plants reach about 1.6–3.3 feet [0.5–1 m] tall. Their spread is about 0.3–1.6 feet [0.1–0.5 m]. RHS also describes plants as short as 0.7 feet [0.2 m]. Plants take two to five years to reach full size. The stems and leaves bear hairs, and the roots are fibrous. Green leaves grow on long stalks and divide into finger-like lobes. Leaves sit in alternate positions along the stems. The upper leaves have narrow, pointed lobes.

The flowers have glossy yellow petals and a shallow bowl shape. They measure about an inch across and form loose, branching clusters. Sources place flowering from spring through early and midsummer. The blooms draw insects, including hoverflies, to the garden. Small, dry fruits called achenes follow the flowers. The plant suits wildlife gardens and wildflower meadows. Its bright flowers add colour among meadow plants. Outside these settings, gardeners often treat it as a weed.

Grow meadow buttercup in sun or partial shade. It needs fertile soil rich in humus that stays moist. Moist soil with good drainage also suits it. It accepts chalk, clay, loam, and sand. It grows in acid, neutral, or alkaline soil. RHS gives it an H7 hardiness rating. NC State lists USDA zones 4a through 10a. Plants need no pruning and can grow from seed or division. Pests seldom cause trouble, though powdery mildew, rust, and grey mould may occur.

The plant is harmful to people and pets when eaten. Its sap can irritate skin and may cause blisters. Wear gloves when handling it. PFAF reports cooked leaves as a past food use. This record does not make fresh leaves safe to eat. PFAF also records folk uses for pain, colds, and warts. These uses are historical records, not treatment advice.