Rumex sanguineus aka Wood Dock

Rumex sanguineus is a perennial in the buckwheat family. Gardeners call it bloody dock or red-veined dock. Its native range runs from Europe to northern Iran. It is native to Britain and Ireland as well. Wild plants grow in ditches, woods, and clearings. Garden escapes now grow in parts of Canada and the United States.

A deep taproot supports a rounded clump of basal leaves. The foliage reaches about 1–1.5 feet [0.30–0.46 metres] tall and wide. RHS gives a wider height range of 1.6–3.3 feet [0.5–1 metre]. Flower stems can reach 2–3 feet [0.61–0.91 metres]. The plant loses its leaves for winter. Its smooth, simple leaves have an oblong or lance-shaped outline. They measure about 0.25–0.5 feet [0.08–0.15 metres] long. Dark red or purple veins stand out against green blades. Leaf and stem colours can fade as the growth ages.

Small, star-shaped flowers appear in early summer. They grow in branched panicles on upright, reddish stems. The flowers start green, then turn red or reddish brown. Dark brown fruits follow; each fruit is an achene. Growers value the leaves more than the flower display. The plant suits mixed borders, herb beds, and vegetable plots. It also grows in pots and beside ponds. Its veined foliage provides a clear colour accent among other plants.

Grow it in full sun with soil that drains well. It accepts clay, loam, sand, and chalk soils. Acid, neutral, and alkaline soils all suit it. Steady soil moisture supports its best growth. Do not let the soil dry out. North Carolina State lists USDA zones 4–8; RHS rates it H6. Start plants from seed in spring or divide existing clumps. Removing flower stalks limits self-seeding and encourages fuller leaf growth. Unchecked seedlings can make it weedy in gardens. Trim faded leaves to make room for fresh growth.

Slugs, snails, and aphids may attack the plant. Rust and leaf spot can occur, but serious problems are uncommon. Young leaves taste tart and can be eaten raw or cooked. Older leaves become tough and bitter. Oxalic acid makes large amounts harmful to people and pets. It can also reduce nutrient uptake when eaten in quantity. Some people develop skin irritation after handling the plant. RHS advises gloves and protective clothing.