Sagittaria graminea aka Delta Arrowhead

Sagittaria graminea is an aquatic perennial in the Alismataceae family. Common names include grassy arrowhead and narrow-leaved arrowhead. Its native range covers eastern Canada and much of central and eastern America. It also grows wild in western Cuba. It lives in shallow water and along muddy or sandy shores. Other habitats include streams, lakes, ditches, and tidal areas. In Missouri, it grows beside ponds and in swampy ground.

Plants reach about 2 feet (0.61 metres) in height. Their garden spread reaches about 1.5 feet (0.46 metres). Leaves and flowers rise on separate stalks from one base. The narrow leaves range from lance-shaped to oval. Most lack the basal lobes that give other arrowheads their name. This plant can grow submerged or at the water's edge. Its white flowers have three petals and bloom from May through September. The blooms add interest to pond edges through much of summer.

Full sun gives the best bloom, though plants accept light shade. They need wet ground or shallow water, not a dry bed. Plant them in shore mud or shallow water in spring. They can also grow in containers within a water garden. Suitable water depths range from 0.17 to 1 foot (0.05–0.30 metres). Keep pond water still or slow-moving. Sandy soil, loam, and clay all suit this species. It is winter hardy in USDA zones 4–10.

Grassy arrowhead suits pond margins, bog gardens, and water gardens. It also has uses in rain gardens and aquariums. It attracts birds and can form colonies beside water. Runners and self-sown seedlings help it spread beyond its first planting. Remove stems as needed to limit its reach. Care needs are low when the site meets its water needs. Seeds, divided tubers, and potted runners offer ways to raise new plants. Sow ripe seeds in pots standing in shallow water. Divide tubers in spring or autumn.

Serious pest and disease problems are not reported. Aphids and spider mites can occur, and leaves may develop spots. Plants For A Future gives it a low food-use rating. It lists leaves, roots, and shoots as edible parts. Its preparation notes specify cooking roots and young shoots. That source reports no known hazards, but this is not proof of safety in every use. It lists no known medicinal uses.