Sequoia sempervirens aka Coast Redwood

Sequoia sempervirens, or coast redwood, is an evergreen conifer. It belongs to the cypress family, Cupressaceae. Its home range runs from southwest Oregon to central California. There it grows near the Pacific coast in moist, foggy sites. Its range seldom reaches beyond the reach of ocean fog. Trees can live for more than 2,000 years.

This fast-growing tree needs far more room than most gardens offer. NC State lists heights of 60–200 feet [18–61 metres]. RHS gives a broader height class above 39 feet [12 metres]. Wild trees can reach about 394 feet [120 metres]. Garden spreads range from about 13–26 feet [4–8 metres]. Growth can average 3 feet [0.9 metres] each year. Young trees have a pyramid shape with branches extending sideways. Older trees lose low branches and develop a narrower crown. The trunk widens at its base.

Thick, red-brown bark has deep grooves and a fibrous texture. Slender twigs droop and turn from green to brown. Most leaves are flat needles set in two rows. Their green upper faces contrast with two pale bands beneath. Some shoots carry scale-like leaves instead of flat needles. This conifer bears cones rather than true flowers or fleshy fruit. The brown, oval cones hang from branches and feel woody. They measure about 0.07–0.08 feet [0.02–0.025 metres] long. They mature within their first year.

Grow coast redwood in sun or light, patchy shade. It needs rich, deep soil that stays moist but drains well. Sources support acid to neutral soils, including loam and clay. It tolerates some wetness but does poorly in dry soil. Cool, moist coastal climates suit it best. Sources place it in USDA zones 7–9 and UK class H6. Young trees remain prone to frost damage. Routine pruning is not needed, and cut trees can regrow from their base.

Large parks can use this tree for shade and winter greenery. It gives birds, mammals, and reptiles places to shelter. Butterflies and moths also use the tree. Its timber splits well and resists decay. Bark has uses in dye, paper, and insulation. Insects seldom cause major harm, but cankers can girdle branches. Heart rot and honey fungus may also cause damage. No edible uses or known hazards are reported by PFAF. That report does not establish safety for people or pets.