Victoria amazonica aka Amazon Waterlily

Victoria amazonica is a tropical water lily in the Nymphaeaceae family. Gardeners also call it Amazon water lily or royal water lily. Its native range runs from southeastern Colombia to northern and eastern Bolivia and Guyana. It grows in shallow, calm waters, including Amazon backwaters. This tender perennial grows from a rhizome beneath the water.

Plants stand about 0.5–1 foot [0.15–0.3 metres] above the surface. Their garden spread reaches 4–8 feet [1.2–2.4 metres]. Round leaves often measure 4–6 feet [1.2–1.8 metres] across. Some reach 8 feet [2.4 metres]. Each leaf has a raised rim and a yellow-green top. The lower face is copper-red, with strong ribs that trap air. This helps the leaf float on the surface. Sharp spines cover the leaf undersides and stalks. The upper leaf surface sheds water. Growth is fast, with expansion reaching 20 inches [0.51 metres] daily.

The large, cup-shaped flowers open at night during summer. Chicago Botanic Garden lists flowering from July to August. Each bloom measures about 0.75–1 foot [0.23–0.3 metres] across. Flowers start creamy white and give off a pineapple-like scent. They turn pink to purple-red as they age. Each lasts just two or three days. Beetles enter the scented flower on its first night. The flower closes around them while it changes from female to male. It opens again and frees the beetles, now dusted with pollen.

Grow this lily in full sun and still water. A depth of 1–3 feet [0.3–0.9 metres] suits it. Anchor the roots in loam rich in organic matter. Avoid strong winds, splashing water, and flowing currents. It is hardy in USDA zones 10–11. Water must stay at least 75°F for perennial growth. In cooler places, gardeners often grow it as an annual. Wait until water stays at least 70°F before setting containers outdoors. Move containers into a greenhouse before frost for winter protection.

This plant needs a large pond, pool, or water garden. Its huge leaves and scented blooms make a strong focal point. Care demands are high, despite few reported pest or disease problems. Gardeners can raise new plants from seed in warm water. The seeds are edible and have also served as flour.