Campylocentrum is a genus of approximately 78 orchids in the family Orchidaceae (order Asparagales), a large and diverse group of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The genus was described by George Bentham and published in the Journal of the Linnean Society in 1881. Campylocentrum orchids are predominantly epiphytic and are considered rare both in the wild and in cultivation. The genus is notable for including species that are entirely leafless — these plants carry out photosynthesis through their green, flattened roots rather than through leaves — as well as species with functional foliage.
Members of Campylocentrum are native to Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America, with one species, Campylocentrum pachyrrhizum, extending its range northward into Florida. Within their range, plants typically grow as epiphytes on tree bark in humid forest habitats. Pollination is carried out primarily by small moths and bees, with flies possibly contributing a secondary role.
The genus is rarely seen in cultivation. When grown, plants are typically mounted on bark and kept under moist conditions. Leafy species benefit from the addition of moss around their roots, whereas leafless species perform better without it.
Etymology
The genus name Campylocentrum derives from Greek roots: kampylos (curved) and kentron (spur), referring to the curved nectar spur characteristic of the flowers. It was formally described by George Bentham in 1881.
Distribution
Campylocentrum is native to Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America. One species, Campylocentrum pachyrrhizum, extends northward into Florida, making it the only member of the genus found in the continental United States.
Ecology
Plants are epiphytic, growing on tree bark in humid forest environments. Pollination is attributed primarily to small moths and bees; flies are also reported as potential pollinators, though their contribution is considered minor.
Cultivation
Campylocentrum is uncommon in cultivation. Plants are typically grown mounted on cork or bark slabs under consistently moist conditions. Species with functional leaves benefit from a layer of sphagnum moss around the roots, while leafless species should be mounted without moss to allow their photosynthetic roots free access to light and air.
