Dicranum is a large genus of leafy mosses in the family Dicranaceae, order Dicranales, belonging to the class Bryopsida (true mosses). Commonly known as wind-blown mosses or fork mosses, the genus encompasses around 150–200 species worldwide (approximately 54 recognised in GBIF). Plants grow in densely packed cushions or turfs, with upright, unbranched stems that may fork but otherwise remain simple. The characteristically undulate or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which often curve to one side as though combed by wind, give rise to the common name "wind-blown moss." Dicranum is distributed globally across temperate and boreal regions, with a particularly strong representation in the northern hemisphere. In North America the genus is a conspicuous element of coniferous forest floors, especially beneath Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and Red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands.
Etymology
The name Dicranum derives from the Greek dikranos (δίκρανος), meaning "two-pronged" or "forked," a reference to the forking stems characteristic of the genus.
Distribution
Dicranum is distributed globally, occurring across temperate, boreal, and subarctic zones on most continents. In North America it is a prominent component of coniferous forest understories, commonly found in Jack pine and Red pine stands. The genus also occurs widely across Europe and Asia.
Ecology
Species of Dicranum typically grow as ground-layer mosses in shaded to semi-open coniferous and mixed forests, often colonising acidic, humus-rich soils, decaying logs, and rocky substrates. Their dense turfs help retain moisture and play a role in forest nutrient cycling.
