Abies cephalonica aka Grecian Fir

Abies cephalonica, or Greek fir, belongs to the pine family. This evergreen tree comes from southern Albania and Greece. It grows on cool, wet mountain slopes in Greece. Its native sites include ground above 2,625 feet [800 metres]. The name Grecian fir refers to the same species.

The tree forms a large crown with a cone shape. Reported heights reach 80–110 feet [24.4–33.5 metres]. Its spread reaches 15–30 feet [4.6–9.1 metres]. RHS gives a height of about 98 feet [30 metres]. Sources differ on growth speed, calling it slow or fast. Young bark feels smooth and has a grey-brown colour. Older bark splits into long plates as the trunk thickens. The trunk can reach 3 feet [0.9 metres] across. Smooth shoots range from bright brown to reddish brown. Resin coats the buds, which have visible scales.

The flat needles grow in a spiral around the shoots. Their upper faces look glossy and dark green. Two pale blue-white bands mark each needle's lower face. Most needle tips end in a sharp point. Some tips are blunt, but the foliage can feel prickly. This conifer bears cones rather than flowers. Its brown seed cones appear in autumn. They measure about 0.33–0.67 feet [0.10–0.20 metres] long. Each cone has around 200 scales, each holding two winged seeds. Ripe cones break apart and let the seeds fall. The much smaller pollen cones have an oval shape.

Grow Greek fir in full sun and fertile soil. It prefers moist ground that drains well. Slightly acid soil suits it, though neutral soil also works. Sources list clay, loam, and sand as suitable soil types. The tree tolerates drought despite its preference for moist soil. NCSU lists USDA zones 5–8; RHS rates it H7. RHS says routine pruning is not needed. Growers can raise it from seed or use grafting.

Its size suits parks, campuses, and other large sites. Plantings can provide wind shelter, screens, and privacy. Young trees also serve as Christmas trees. People have used its light, soft wood for building and pulp. Disease resistance is good, but honey fungus may cause trouble. Aphids and adelgids may also attack it. PFAF lists no known edible or medicinal uses. It reports no known hazards, rather than confirmed safety.