Aloe ferox aka Bitter Aloe

Aloe ferox is an evergreen succulent called Cape or bitter aloe. Its native range covers parts of South Africa and Lesotho. It grows on dry, rocky slopes and in grassy fynbos. It also occurs along the edges of the karoo. Plants grow in open ground and among bushes. The species belongs to the Asphodelaceae family.

A woody stem holds a dense rosette of thick leaves. Most plants have one stem, though some branch near the base. Garden plants reach about 8–13 feet [2.5–4 metres] tall. Their spread reaches 5–8 feet [1.5–2.5 metres]. Some plants reach 16 feet [5 metres] in height. Growth is slow, with maturity taking five to ten years. The blue-green leaves have a long, sword-like shape. Reddish-brown spines line their edges and may cover their surfaces. Young plants carry more spines than older ones. Dead leaves can stay attached around the stem.

Branched, upright flower spikes rise above the leaf rosette. The blooms range from orange to red. Chicago records flowers in January and February; RHS records spring bloom. The flowers draw birds, and bees also help with pollination. The species cannot fertilise itself. Its bold leaves and tall flower spikes suit specimen planting. Gardeners also use it in rock gardens and dry landscapes. Large pots offer another way to grow it.

Give this aloe full sun and soil that drains well. It tolerates drought, dry ground, and shallow, rocky soil. RHS lists loam and accepts acid, neutral, or alkaline soil. In pots, use peat-free cactus compost or gritty loam-based compost. Water moderately during growth, then cut back sharply in winter. RHS recommends monthly liquid feed from May through August. Missouri Botanical Garden lists USDA zones 9–12. The UK rating is H2, so it needs protection from freezing. In cool climates, grow it indoors and move it outside during summer.

Scale insects and mealybugs may attack the leaves. Most plants have few disease problems, but wet soil causes root or crown rot. Routine pruning is not needed. People use leaf gel in skin and hair products. Traditional medicine also uses it for burns and skin irritation. The leaf exudate has served as a strong laxative. PFAF records gel in jam and drinks, leaves in tea, and flower nectar as food. These uses do not make the whole plant safe to eat. RHS warns that ingestion can harm people and pets.