Ardisia japonica aka Marlberry

Ardisia japonica is a small evergreen shrub called Japanese ardisia or marlberry. It belongs to the primrose family, Primulaceae. Its native range includes China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It grows in mixed forests, bamboo woods, and damp, shaded sites. In Japan, it also grows in woods on low mountains. This woody plant forms a low cover beneath taller plants.

Garden plants reach about 0.7–1 foot [0.2–0.3 metres] tall. Oregon State reports heights up to 1.3 feet [0.4 metres]. Plants spread about 1–3 feet [0.3–0.91 metres] wide. Underground runners send up upright stems and build larger colonies. Young stems have soft hairs, but older stems lose them. Thick, dark green leaves crowd the branch tips. Their glossy surface and toothed edges give the plant a coarse look. Leaves range from oval to narrow and pointed. Spring growth may show light green, copper, or bronze tones.

Small flowers open from July through August beneath the new leaves. Each star-shaped bloom is white or pale pink. The leaves can hide much of the flower display. Round fruits appear in September and ripen during October and November. These bright red drupes measure about a quarter-inch across. Each has a fleshy outer layer around a hard stone. Fruit may stay on the shrub through winter. The fruit and evergreen leaves provide interest after flowering ends.

Grow this shrub in partial shade or deep shade. Strong sun can scorch its leaves. It prefers acidic soil with plenty of organic matter. Keep the soil moist, but allow excess water to drain. The plant cannot cope with drought, flooding, or foot traffic. Sources place it in USDA zones 8–10. It suits woodland beds, shaded borders, and containers. Plants For A Future also records use as a clipped hedge. Division, stem cuttings, and seed provide ways to grow more plants.

NC State rates its growth and upkeep as medium. Both NC State and Missouri Botanical Garden report few serious pest or disease problems. NC State also describes it as deer resistant. Runners and freely produced seed can carry it beyond garden beds. NC State warns against planting it in northern Florida, where it has become invasive. Plants For A Future lists no known food uses or hazards. This does not establish that the fruit is safe to eat. Chinese herbal medicine uses the plant, including for bronchitis.