Begonia maculata aka Polka Dot Begonia

Begonia maculata thrives in temperatures between 65-85°F (18-30°C), with the optimal range being 65-75°F (18-24°C). The plant is sensitive to cold and should be kept away from temperatures below 60°F (15.5°C), which can cause wilting and leaf drop. Avoid placing near drafty windows, air conditioners, or radiators. If grown outdoors in summer, bring inside when temperatures start dropping to 60°F.

Begonia maculata propagates easily through stem cuttings. Cut a healthy stem at least 4 inches long using clean scissors, remove lower leaves, and let the cut end callus for a few hours. For water propagation, place the cutting in filtered water with nodes submerged but leaves above water, and roots will develop in 2-4 weeks. For soil propagation, dip in rooting hormone (optional) and plant in moist potting mix with at least one node buried. Spring and summer are optimal times for propagation.

Prune Begonia maculata in late spring by cutting back overlong canes to 2 or 3 buds to encourage bushier growth and prevent legginess. Regular pruning helps maintain a compact shape and promotes fuller foliage. Remove any dead, damaged, or yellowing leaves throughout the year. The pruned stem cuttings can be used for propagation, making this an excellent time to create new plants.

Repot Begonia maculata every 12-18 months in spring, just as new growth appears. However, these plants prefer being slightly rootbound, so only increase pot size by 1 inch (2.5 cm) when roots are circling the surface or poking from drainage holes. Even without upsizing, refresh the soil annually to replenish nutrients. Avoid repotting during blooming as this can shock the plant and cut flowering short.

The most popular variety is Begonia maculata 'Wightii', featuring intensely red leaf undersides and greenish-white flowers with yellow centers. It grows 40-50 cm tall and was one of the earliest cultivars created. Other notable varieties include 'Annan Grace' with randomly-placed, varying-sized silver dots (originally from Japan), 'Silver Spot' which can be trained to trail or climb, and 'Flamingo Queen' known for bright coloration. 'Tamaya' refers to a tree-like growing style rather than a specific cultivar.

Begonia maculata can grow outdoors only in USDA zones 10-12, as it is not frost-tolerant and requires minimum temperatures of 60°F (15.5°C). In temperate climates, it can be placed outdoors in summer in a sheltered, shaded location with bright indirect light. RHS rates it H1b (can be grown outdoors in summer with minimum 10-15°C). Always bring indoors before temperatures drop in autumn. Native to Brazilian Atlantic rainforest understory, it needs protection from direct sun and wind.

Yellow leaves on Begonia maculata typically indicate watering issues. Overwatering is the most common cause, leading to soggy soil and potential root rot. Underwatering (soil too dry) can also cause yellowing. Check soil moisture: if wet and leaves are yellow, let soil dry before watering again; if dry, water thoroughly. Other causes include excessive direct sunlight washing out foliage color, nitrogen deficiency (lower leaves yellowing), or poor drainage. Adjust watering frequency and ensure proper drainage to resolve.

Brown, crispy leaf tips and edges on Begonia maculata are typically caused by underwatering or low humidity. When soil dries out too much between waterings, leaf edges lose moisture and turn brown. Low humidity (below 45%) also causes this issue. To prevent, water when soil is 50-75% dry and maintain humidity above 45-50% using a humidifier, pebble tray, or grouping with other plants. Mineral buildup from tap water can also cause browning; occasionally flush soil with filtered water or use distilled water.

Drooping in Begonia maculata is usually caused by improper watering. Underwatering causes dramatic wilting when soil dries completely. However, if soil is wet and leaves are drooping, root rot from overwatering is likely the culprit. Check soil moisture: water thoroughly if dry, or allow to dry out if soggy. Low humidity (below 40%) and extreme temperatures (outside 65-75°F range) can also cause drooping. Consistent environmental conditions are key, as these plants are sensitive to fluctuations.

Begonia maculata is susceptible to mealybugs, spider mites, aphids, thrips, and vine weevil. Mealybugs appear as white, fluffy insects on stems; spider mites create fine webbing and cause stippling. Powdery mildew is the most common disease, appearing as white powder on leaves due to high humidity and poor air circulation. Treat pests with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Prevent powdery mildew by ensuring good air circulation, avoiding wet foliage, and watering at soil level. Maintain plant health through proper watering to reduce susceptibility.

Clean Begonia maculata leaves by gently wiping with a soft, damp cloth to remove dust and maintain the attractive spotted appearance. Avoid misting or spraying water directly on foliage, as wet leaves encourage powdery mildew. For pest prevention, occasionally wipe leaves with diluted insecticidal soap. Clean leaves improve photosynthesis and help the plant maintain its signature polka-dot pattern. Ensure leaves dry quickly after cleaning to prevent fungal issues.