Bursera simaruba aka West Indian Birch

Taxonomy

Bursera simaruba, also known as gumbo-limbo, copperwood, chaca, West Indian birch, naked Indian, and turpentine tree, is a small to medium-sized tree in the family Burseraceae. Native to the Neotropics, it can be found from South Florida to Mexico and the Caribbean to Brazil, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. The tree is prevalent in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion of the Yucatán, where it is a subdominant plant species to the mangroves, and can also be found in the Gulf of Mexico along the western coast of Florida. Gumbo-limbo is a broad-headed, aromatic tree with an attractive coppery bark that can grow up to 30 meters tall, with a diameter of one meter or less at 1.5 meters above ground. The bark is shiny dark red, and the leaves are spirally arranged and pinnate with 7-11 leaflets, each leaflet broad ovate, 4–10 cm long and 2–5 cm broad. The tree yields some ripe fruit year-round, but the main fruiting season is March and April in the northern part of the plant's range. The fruit is a small three-valved capsule encasing a single seed which is covered in a red fatty aril (seedcoat) of 5–6 mm diameter. Both ripe and unripe fruits are borne quite loosely on their stems and can spontaneously detach if the tree is shaken. Gumbo-limbo is often exploited in the wild for its resin, but it is seldom cultivated for this purpose since it regenerates rapidly under natural conditions. It makes a good specimen tree and is often planted for shade on streets and beaches within its natural range. The tree is comically referred to as the tourist tree because the tree's bark is red and peeling, like the skin of sunburnt tourists, who are a common sight in the plant's range. Gumbo-Limbo is also a super rare houseplant that needs very little water to thrive. They do best in long-lasting, direct light and should be less than 1 foot from a window.

Common names

West Indian Birch, Birch Gum Tree, Cha Ka, Gumbo Limbo, Copperwood

How to care for West Indian Birch

Difficulty

With its straightforward care requirements, West Indian Birch is a hassle-free plant that anyone can enjoy.

Water

West Indian Birch does best in dry soil and should only be watered sparingly.

Lighting

To ensure optimal growth, the West Indian Birch prefers bright indirect light for 6-8 hours each day. Insufficient light can result in slow growth and leaf drop, so it's important to find a well-lit location for this plant. Place it near a window, within a distance of 1 meter (3 feet), to enhance its potential for thriving.

Toxicity

No verified data on the toxicity of this plant exists within Ploi's records. Should you, someone in your family, or your pet ingest plant material with an unknown toxicity level, it is recommended to seek medical advice.

Region of origin

West Indian Birch’s native range is S. America - Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana; north through the Caribbean to Florida; C. America - Panama to Guatemala.


More info:
Wikipedia