Callitris endlicheri aka Black Cypress Pine

Callitris endlicheri is an evergreen tree in the cypress family. Its common names include black cypress pine and red cypress pine. It grows in eastern Australia, from Queensland through New South Wales to Victoria. Many stands lie along the Great Dividing Range. It grows on poor sand and shallow, rocky ground. Useful Tropical Plants reports its conservation status as Least Concern, citing a 2013 assessment.

The tree grows slowly and forms a spreading crown. Sources give heights of about 33–66 feet [10–20 metres]. Some trees may reach 82 feet [25 metres]. Its leaves stay on the tree throughout the year. Male and female flowers occur on the same tree. Wind carries the pollen. Closed cones can hold seeds for many years. Fire prompts these cones to release their seeds. The seeds can then sprout in large numbers.

Give this tree full sun and soil that drains well. Sandy soil suits it, though it also grows in loam. It can cope with poor soil and salty coastal sites. Its soil range spans mildly acid to very alkaline conditions. It accepts dry or moist ground and withstands drought once established. Sources report brief cold spells down to about 19°F [-7°C]. This limit does not ensure success in cool, wet winters. In Britain, outdoor growth suits only the mildest areas. PFAF lists USDA zones 8–11.

Gardeners grow it as an ornamental and for shelter from wind. Its wood is hard, close-grained, scented, and rich in resin. Uses include buildings, furniture, cabinets, fences, and boats. The wood lasts well but can be brittle. Both the tree and its wood burn readily. Forest fires tend to kill mature trees. Bark supplies tannin, while twigs and fruit yield essential oil. Resin from cut wood has served as a pill coating.

PFAF records no known food uses for this species. It lists a traditional use against parasitic worms. This record does not establish safe or effective home treatment. The sources list no known hazards, but do not prove safety for people or pets. Seed needs no cold treatment before it can sprout. PFAF suggests sowing under glass in early spring. Young plants should spend their first winter under glass. Plant them outside after the last expected frost.