Calophyllum brasiliense aka Maria

Calophyllum brasiliense is an evergreen tree called Brazil beauty-leaf. Other names include jacareuba, Maria, and Santa Maria. It belongs to the Calophyllaceae family. Its native range runs from Mexico through tropical America. It grows in moist forests, from lowlands to mountain slopes. There, it forms part of the forest canopy. It occurs at heights reaching 4,920 feet [1,500 metres] above sea level.

The tree has a dense crown with a rounded shape. One account gives usual heights of 39–66 feet [12–20 metres]. Another lists growth to 98 feet [30 metres]. The largest reported trees reach 148 feet [45 metres]. Its spread can reach 66 feet [20 metres]. The long, straight trunk often lacks branches along much of its length. It usually lacks buttress roots. Leaves grow in opposite pairs and have a tough, hairless surface. The scented flowers have four white petals and grow in panicles. Insects pollinate them. Each round fruit is a drupe with a hard inner layer.

This tree suits warm, wet tropical sites and grows fast. It grows in full sun or partial shade. It accepts sand, loam, heavy clay, and poor soils. It also tolerates a wide range of soil pH. Moist soil suits it best, though it can withstand drought. Wet, humid sites support good growth. The tree tolerates strong winds, but not direct coastal exposure. Plants For A Future lists USDA zones 10–12. Its best daytime temperatures fall between 68 and 86°F [20–30°C].

Growers use it for shade, shelterbelts, and ornamental planting. It shades coffee and cacao in the West Indies. Plantings can help hold soil and improve compacted pasture ground. Its timber serves uses similar to those of mahogany. The heartwood ranges from pink to deep reddish brown. Darker red lines mark the wood. The seeds yield oil, while the wood yields an essential oil. The fruit can also serve as fuel.

The fruit is poisonous and should not be eaten. Plants For A Future gives it no food-use rating. Traditional medicine uses bark resin and other plant material. Recorded uses include skin dressings and remedies for headaches and worms. These records do not establish safe or proven treatments. Fresh seed can grow when sown straight into soil. Breaking the hard seed covering can speed germination. Young trees transplant well with soil around their roots, preferably during the rainy season.