Celtis reticulata aka Netleaf Hackberry

Celtis reticulata is called netleaf hackberry or western hackberry. It belongs to the Cannabaceae family and sheds its leaves. Its native range spans the western and central United States. It also reaches northern Mexico, including parts of Baja California. Wild plants grow on dry hills, rocky outcrops, and ravine banks. Some grow in sand, or over limestone and basalt.

It often forms a large shrub with a spreading, uneven shape. A usual height is 15–30 feet [4.5–9 m]. One source gives 39 feet [12 m]; exceptional trees reach 50 feet [15 m]. Growth is slow, and trees can live for centuries. Its roots include a strong taproot and many shallow roots. The simple leaves grow in an alternate pattern along the shoots. They have pointed tips and rounded or heart-shaped bases. Their edges bear teeth, though older plants may have smooth edges. The bright green upper surface feels rough to the touch. A clear network of veins marks the leaf underside. Leaves turn yellow in fall.

Small greenish flowers appear at leaf bases in early spring. Plants For A Future places flowering in April and reports bee pollination. The round fruits turn reddish brown to purple as they mature. Each has thin, sweet flesh around one large seed. Plants For A Future gives October as the seed-ripening month. People eat the fruit raw, cooked, or dried for storage. They also use it for jelly and to season savoury foods.

Grow this plant in full sun with soil that drains well. It accepts rocky, sandy, or loamy ground, including poor soils. It tolerates both acid and alkaline conditions, and dry or moist sites. Once established, it withstands drought without added water. Sources give USDA zone 4, or a range of 5–9. Cool British summers may leave wood unripe and prone to winter dieback.

Its spreading form can serve as a woodland garden canopy. Nipple gall is a reported problem. Leaves and branches yield brown or red dye. The heavy wood is soft and weak, but serves as firewood. Reports record traditional use for indigestion, not proof of benefit. Plants For A Future lists no known hazards for this species.