Colophospermum mopane aka Mopane

Colophospermum mopane is a deciduous tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It grows across southern tropical Africa and southern Africa. Its range includes Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. Mopane forms large woodlands in hot, dry lowlands. It also grows on floodplains and other sites with alluvial soil. Elephants and other animals feed on this tree.

Mopane grows about 13–59 feet [4–18 metres] tall. One source lists a height of 39 feet [12 metres]. Exceptional trees reach about 98 feet [30 metres]. The crown is often narrow and shaped like a V. One or more straight trunks support it. Trunks can measure about 1.6–3.3 feet [0.5–1 metre] across. Dry sites produce shorter, bushier plants with more branches. The tree has no spines. Its hanging leaves each bear one pair of leaflets. These fold together in strong sun, so the crown gives little shade.

This tree suits warm sites in the drier lowland tropics. It grows best in full sun but accepts light shade. Preferred daytime temperatures range from 26 to 36°C. It favours annual rainfall of 250–500 millimetres. Sandy soils and low floodplains suit it well. It also grows in many soils with low or moderate fertility. It tolerates alkaline ground and poor drainage in its native habitat. Frost limits its use in gardens. Heavy frost can kill branches, and temperatures of −1°C may kill the tree.

The pods stay closed rather than splitting to release their seeds. Seeds can sprout while still inside them. Removing the pod can speed sprouting, but needs care. Sow seeds on river sand and keep the tray moist. Young seedlings grow slowly at first, then gain speed. Take care not to harm roots when moving them. Stored seed can remain viable for at least three years. People eat the fruit raw or cooked during food shortages. The source lists no known hazards, but provides no specific pet-safety assessment.

Mopane helps hold soil in place and supplies useful materials. Its hard, heavy wood serves for posts, poles and mine timbers. Bark supplies tannin and fibre for twine. Some trees yield resin used in varnish. Traditional remedies use bark, roots, leaves and gum. These reported uses do not establish medical safety or effectiveness.