Crataegus chrysocarpa aka Fire Berry Hawthorn

Crataegus chrysocarpa, or fireberry hawthorn, belongs to the rose family. This deciduous tree grows across Canada and the northern United States. Its range also reaches parts of the western and central states. It grows in thickets and on rocky ground beside streams. Other names include red haw and Piper's hawthorn.

In gardens, it reaches 13–26 feet (4–8 metres) tall and wide. Its form can be upright, with branches that spread outward. Long thorns grow along the branches. The green leaves have shallow lobes and toothed edges. The tree takes about 10–20 years to reach full size. It needs little pruning, but its thorns merit care when handling.

Small white flowers form clusters in late spring. Their yellow anthers add colour within each bloom. Chicago Botanic Garden lists flowering from May to June. Red fruits follow the flowers and ripen in late summer. Each fruit measures about 0.4 inches across and holds several large seeds. PFAF describes the ripe flesh as pleasant to eat. It can go into pies or preserves, or be dried. Remove the seeds before eating, since RHS says they contain toxins. RHS also warns that pets should not eat the fruit. This warning contrasts with PFAF's report of no known hazards.

Grow this tree in sun or partial shade. It accepts clay, loam, sand, and chalk soils. Acid, neutral, and alkaline ground can all suit it. Give it moist soil that drains well; avoid waterlogged sites. Chicago Botanic Garden lists USDA zones 4–9. RHS rates it H6 for UK conditions. Gardens can use it for shade, hedges, or screens. It also suits coastal, cottage, and wildlife gardens. A sunny woodland edge offers another setting. Its hard, tough wood has served for handles and mallets.

Watch for aphids, caterpillars, and hawthorn button top midge. Possible diseases include fireblight, honey fungus, and crown gall. Silver leaf, powdery mildew, and leaf spots can also occur. Growers can raise it from seed or use grafting. Seeds need a cold treatment and may take 18 months to sprout. PFAF records dried-berry preparations used as mild laxatives. It also records root mixtures used for diarrhoea. These are reports of past use, not treatment advice.