Dirca palustris aka Eastern Leatherwood

Dirca palustris is a small shrub known as leatherwood or wicopy. It belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family and sheds its leaves each year. Its range spans eastern Canada and much of the eastern United States. It grows beneath trees in rich woods, on slopes, and beside streams. Though widespread, it is scarce in much of its range. Garden plants reach 4–6 feet [1.2–1.8 metres] tall and wide. Some plants reach 9–10 feet [2.7–3 metres].

Several stems can form a dense, rounded crown. Shade may produce a looser shape with spreading branches. Leatherwood lives a long time and often grows slowly. Its brown twigs have ring-like joints and bend without snapping easily. The gray bark has wrinkles and tough fibres. Simple leaves grow in an alternate pattern along the stems. They are oval or wider toward the tip, with smooth edges. New leaves start yellow-green and turn greener through summer. They turn yellow in fall, though the color varies among plants.

Small, pale yellow bells bloom along bare branches in March and April. The flowers grow in clusters where leaves will emerge. Long yellow stamens extend from each bloom, and bees visit them. Each fruit is a drupe with one large seed. Fruit shades range from green to yellow-green, gray, or red. Fruits ripen from late spring into summer, depending on the location. Birds and small mammals eat them. The early blooms and yellow fall leaves add seasonal interest.

Grow leatherwood in rich soil that stays moist. Partial to full shade suits it well. Some sources allow sun, but strong sun can scorch or bleach leaves. It also may reduce the quality of fall color. Slightly acid soil suits it, though it tolerates other pH levels. Sandy and clay soils can both support it. Avoid dry ground; it tolerates wet sites. Most garden sources place it in USDA zones 3–9. Oregon State reports hardiness to zone 2. Use it in woodland gardens, native plantings, or near ponds. Sources report few serious pest or disease problems and low upkeep.

Native Americans used its bark and twigs for rope, baskets, and bowstrings. Bark fibres also have uses in paper making. No edible uses are known. Eating plant parts can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Bark contact may cause blisters or a severe skin rash. Historical medicinal uses do not establish safety; even small doses can cause harm.