Dischidia nummularia aka String Of Nickels
Taxonomy ID: 369
Dischidia nummularia is a tropical climber in the Apocynaceae family. Gardeners know it as string of nickels or button orchid. Its native range spans southern China, tropical Asia and northern Queensland. It grows on trees as an epiphyte, or on rocks. Wild plants live in rainforests, open woods and mangrove forests. They also grow on roadside trees and in plantations. The species occurs in both sun and light shade.
Thin stems creep, twine or hang from their support. They can reach about 5 feet [1.5 metres] long. Roots form at the nodes and cling to tree branches. The stems and leaves lack hairs. Small leaves grow in pairs on opposite sides of each stem. Each leaf has a round to egg-shaped outline. Their colour ranges from pale olive green to yellowish brown. A white, powder-like coating covers the leaf surface. Each leaf ends in a tiny point. The gaps between leaf pairs exceed the leaves in length.
The small flowers form groups of one to six. They are white or pale yellow, with bell-like to urn-shaped tubes. Established plants can produce many blooms, though these remain hard to spot. Ants visit the flowers often, but the flowers seldom form fruit. The leaves have no hollow spaces that could house ants. Fruits grow in pairs and have a narrow, spindle-like shape. These pale green or yellow follicles hold closely packed seeds. Each seed carries a tuft of fine hairs.
In cultivation, this plant suits pots and hanging baskets. Its long, leafy stems can trail over the rim. Warmth and humid air help it grow in the active season. It needs regular summer water, with some drying between waterings. Brief dry spells need not harm it. Yet roots can die when pots stay wet too long. Its liking for moisture does not mean it tolerates constant wetness. Too much water and shade can cause swollen, untidy growth.
Winter care differs from care during active growth. LLIFLE advises a drier rest with plenty of air movement. It also advises against high air humidity during that rest. Its feeding guidance favours potassium and phosphorus over high nitrogen levels. The supplied sources give no firm cold-hardiness rating. They also provide no clear evidence on edibility or toxicity. No named pest or disease appears in the supplied species account.
Common names
String Of Nickels, Button OrchidMore information about String Of Nickels
What temperature does Dischidia nummularia need?
Dischidia nummularia thrives in moderate warmth between 18–26°C (64–79°F), reflecting its tropical origins. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) but should never be exposed to frost. Keep it away from cold drafts and sudden temperature fluctuations, which can cause stunted growth and leaf drop. In winter, maintain temperatures above 12°C (54°F) with ample light.
Does Dischidia nummularia flower?
Dischidia nummularia produces small, inconspicuous white to yellowish-white flowers, typically in spring. The blooms appear in clusters of 1–6 flowers and measure just 2–4 mm across, so they're easy to miss. Flowering is more likely when the plant receives bright light — llifle notes that strong light promotes blooming. While the flowers are not the main ornamental attraction, they can be followed by paired lance-shaped seed pods (follicles) up to 4 cm long.
How big does Dischidia nummularia get?
Dischidia nummularia is a slender trailing or climbing vine with stems reaching up to 1.5 metres (5 feet) in length. The individual leaves are tiny, measuring just 7–14 mm across — roughly the size of a small coin, hence the common name String of Nickels. Growth rate is moderate, and the plant forms dense, cascading masses over time, making it ideal for hanging baskets. The stem diameter stays very slender, never exceeding 2 cm.
How do you propagate Dischidia nummularia?
Dischidia nummularia propagates readily from stem cuttings taken in spring or early summer. Cut a 7–12 cm section of stem with at least 3–4 nodes, allow the cut end to callus for 1–2 days, then place it on moist sphagnum moss or orchid mix. Cover with a plastic dome to maintain humidity and keep in bright indirect light. Roots typically develop within 3–6 weeks. You can also propagate by layering — simply pin a section of stem to moist substrate while still attached to the mother plant, and sever once rooted. Note that the milky sap can irritate skin, so wear gloves when taking cuttings.
What are popular Dischidia nummularia varieties?
The most notable cultivar is Dischidia nummularia 'Ideaminubu', sold under the trade names "Pangolin Kisses" and "Dragon Jade." It features distinctively curved, overlapping, pebble-like leaves that are glossier and more densely packed than the species type. It reaches about 0.3m height and 0.6m spread. The standard species itself shows natural variation in leaf colour from pale olive green to yellowish-brown or blue-grey depending on light exposure, with stronger light producing more bronzed tones.
Can Dischidia nummularia grow outdoors?
Dischidia nummularia can only grow outdoors year-round in USDA zones 10–12, where temperatures stay above 10°C (50°F). In tropical and subtropical climates, it does well mounted on tree trunks or in hanging baskets in a shaded position, mimicking its natural epiphytic habitat. In temperate climates, it can be moved outdoors during warm summer months but must be brought inside before temperatures drop below 10°C. Avoid placing it in direct afternoon sun outdoors, as this will scorch the leaves.
Does Dischidia nummularia need pruning?
Dischidia nummularia requires only light pruning. Trim back straggly stems at the beginning of the growing season to encourage bushier growth. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves and stems promptly, as decaying material can attract pests and promote fungal growth. The removed stem sections can be used as cuttings for propagation. Be aware that cutting stems releases a milky sap that may irritate skin.
When should I repot Dischidia nummularia?
Dischidia nummularia has a small root system and doesn't need frequent repotting — every 2 years is typically sufficient. Repot when the plant becomes crowded or the growing medium breaks down and loses its drainage capacity. Use a very porous medium like orchid bark, coconut husk chunks, or sphagnum moss.
What pests and diseases affect Dischidia nummularia?
Mealybugs are the primary pest concern for Dischidia nummularia, affecting both stems and roots. Scale insects can also occasionally appear. Inspect regularly, especially in leaf axils and along stems. The most common disease issue is root rot from overwatering or poorly draining substrate — the epiphytic roots are highly susceptible to fungal decay in persistently damp conditions. If rot occurs, remove affected sections immediately, allow healthy portions to dry, and re-root in fresh medium.
Why are my Dischidia nummularia leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves on Dischidia nummularia most commonly indicate overwatering or poor drainage, which leads to root rot in this epiphytic species. Check that your growing medium is very porous (orchid bark or coconut husk, not regular potting soil) and that the pot drains freely. Insufficient light can also cause yellowing — this plant needs bright indirect light and does not tolerate low-light conditions. If only older leaves yellow occasionally, this is normal shedding.
Why does my Dischidia nummularia have brown leaves?
Browning and curling of leaves on Dischidia nummularia typically signals low humidity or excessive direct sunlight. As a tropical epiphyte, it needs at least 50% humidity — dry indoor air, especially in winter with heating, can cause leaf edges to brown and curl. Direct midday sun will also scorch the thin, fleshy leaves. Move the plant away from harsh sun and increase humidity through misting, a pebble tray, or a humidifier.
How is Dischidia nummularia pollinated?
Dischidia nummularia is insect-pollinated, as confirmed by NParks Singapore. The small white to yellowish-white flowers have a corona structure typical of the Apocynaceae family, with pollinia (pollen masses) that attach to visiting insects. After successful pollination, the plant produces paired follicle fruits containing seeds with white plumes for wind dispersal. The seeds also bear fatty substances that attract ants, creating an ecological mutualism that aids in seed dispersal.
Where is Dischidia nummularia native to?
Dischidia nummularia has an extensive native range spanning from southern China through tropical Southeast Asia to northern Queensland, Australia. According to POWO/Kew Gardens, it occurs across India (Assam, Andaman Islands), Bangladesh, Myanmar, China (Hainan), Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Islands), the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago. It grows as an epiphyte in open forests, rainforests, mangrove forests, and secondary growth, from sea level up to 1,700 metres elevation.
Why is my Dischidia nummularia drooping or wilting?
Drooping in Dischidia nummularia can result from either overwatering or underwatering. If the stems feel soft and mushy, overwatering and root rot are likely — check the roots and repot in fresh, well-draining epiphytic medium. If leaves appear wrinkled and shrivelled, the plant is dehydrated and needs a thorough watering. Sudden temperature drops or cold drafts can also cause wilting and leaf drop. Ensure temperatures stay above 10°C (50°F) and the plant is away from cold windows or air conditioning vents.
Does Dischidia nummularia have medicinal uses?
Dischidia nummularia has several documented traditional medicinal uses in Southeast Asia. According to NParks Singapore, the leaves are used to treat gonorrhea and tropical sores, while the milky latex is applied to alleviate pain from spiny catfish stings. llifle also documents use in treating sprue (a malabsorption condition). These are traditional folk remedies and have not been validated by modern clinical research. The milky sap can cause skin irritation on contact, so handling should be done with care.
How do you clean Dischidia nummularia?
Due to its tiny leaves (just 7–14 mm across), Dischidia nummularia is difficult to wipe leaf by leaf. The best approach is to mist the plant regularly or give it a gentle lukewarm shower to wash off dust and debris. This also helps maintain the humidity it enjoys. Avoid using leaf shine products, as these can clog the pores of the small, fleshy leaves. Regularly remove any dead or yellowing leaves and stems to keep the plant tidy and prevent pest harbourage.
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