Dracaena masoniana aka Whale Fin Plant

Dracaena masoniana is a succulent perennial from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It belongs to the asparagus family, Asparagaceae. Its native climate has a dry season within the tropics. Older sources call it Sansevieria masoniana. Genetic studies led to its placement in Dracaena. Gardeners know it as whale fin or shark fin plant. These names refer to its broad, paddle-shaped leaves.

This slow-growing plant forms upright clumps from underground rhizomes. Garden sources give heights from 3–5 feet (0.91–1.52 metres). Missouri Botanical Garden lists a shorter height of 3 feet (0.91 metres). Clumps spread to 1–2 feet (0.30–0.61 metres) across. Each rhizome bears one or two leaves. Clumps may widen before they grow taller leaves. The stiff, waxy leaves have pale green marks on dark green. Their edges are smooth and may turn reddish. A purple-banded sheath sits just below the soil. The leaves can reach 4 feet (1.22 metres) long. They can reach 0.83 feet (0.25 metres) wide.

An upright flower stalk rises from the plant's center. It carries clusters of fragrant white to greenish-white flowers. Individual flowers reach about 0.08 feet (0.025 metres) long. North Carolina State Extension places flowering in summer. Missouri Botanical Garden notes that indoor plants seldom bloom. The evergreen leaves provide its main value as a houseplant. In warm regions, clumps can form tall ground cover in shade.

Give this plant bright, indirect light and a free-draining potting mix. It tolerates low light, but hot direct sun can burn leaves. Let the mix dry between waterings, and avoid excess water. Reduce watering from fall through winter. Its drought tolerance and low care needs suit new growers. Shallow clay pots help support its large, top-heavy leaves. Roots do not grow deep. Division and leaf cuttings offer ways to grow more plants. Missouri Botanical Garden gives USDA zones 10–11; North Carolina State Extension includes zone 9. Protect it from cold drafts.

Watch for spider mites, mealybugs, scale, thrips, and aphids. Too much water can lead to root rot and black spot. This plant is toxic to people, cats, and dogs when eaten. In people, it may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Sap may irritate skin. Keep it away from children and pets.