Elaeagnus latifolia aka Oleaster

Elaeagnus latifolia is a shrub in the oleaster family, Elaeagnaceae. It grows wild in Asia and is also grown for fruit. Useful Tropical Plants places its range in Pakistan and India. Sources differ on whether its range includes mainland Southeast Asia. They also differ on where this species ends and related species begin. Wild habitats include swamps and forest openings in the Himalayas and Nepal.

This spreading shrub has many branches and often bears thorns. It reaches about 10 feet [3 metres] tall and wide. Its growth rate is moderate. Sources disagree on whether it keeps its leaves through winter. PFAF calls it deciduous, while Useful Tropical Plants gives both descriptions. The supplied species accounts give few details about leaf shape or bark. Each flower has both male and female parts. Bees pollinate the flowers.

The fruit has a sharp taste and can pucker the mouth. Wait until it is fully ripe before eating it raw. Even slightly unripe fruit can taste harsh. Cooks use it in pies and preserves. Each fruit holds one large seed, which is also edible. People eat the seeds raw or cooked, though their casing is fibrous. Plants may start bearing fruit at about two years old. People gather wild fruit and grow plants near homes. Local markets sell the crop.

Grow this shrub in full sun and soil that drains well. It suits sandy, loamy, and clay soils, including poor ground. It accepts mildly acid, neutral, and mildly alkaline soil. Dry or moist soil suits it, and it can withstand drought. It also tolerates coastal exposure. PFAF lists USDA zones 8–11 but warns of poor British outdoor hardiness. This makes its cold tolerance uncertain for British gardens. Useful Tropical Plants places it in warm temperate and subtropical climates.

Root bacteria fix nitrogen and may help nearby plants. This gives the shrub a role beside orchard crops. PFAF reports strong resistance to honey fungus. The wood also serves as fuel. Sources record medicinal use of the flowers and fruit. These records do not establish safe or effective treatments. Both main accounts list no known hazards. That does not confirm safety for pets or every use.