Elaeocarpus decipiens aka Japanese Blueberry

Elaeocarpus decipiens is known as the Japanese blueberry tree. It belongs to the Elaeocarpaceae family. This broadleaf evergreen grows as a large shrub or tree. Its native range spans southern China, Vietnam, and temperate East Asia. It grows in evergreen forests across a wide elevation range. These sites lie at 1,300–8,000 feet [396–2,438 metres].

Garden plants reach about 20–40 feet [6.1–12.2 metres] tall. Reports place their spread at 15–35 feet [4.6–10.7 metres]. Wild trees can reach 60 feet [18.3 metres]. Growth proceeds at a moderate rate. The crown is dense, upright, and rounded. Light gray bark has smooth areas and sheds in flakes. The simple leaves grow in an alternate pattern. They have smooth edges and an oval to oblong shape. New spring leaves start bronze, then turn glossy green. Older leaves turn red or orange before they fall. They may stay on the tree for several months.

Small, scented flowers appear from late spring into early summer. They hang beneath the crown and face the ground. Their fringed petals range from white to cream or pale pink. Each flower measures less than one inch across. Bees and butterflies visit the flowers for nectar. Small, oblong drupes follow in fall, turning blue to purple. These fruits also measure less than one inch long. They give the tree its common name. The fruit serves as an ornament, not as food. The evidence does not establish whether other parts are toxic.

Grow this tree in full sun or part shade. It suits moist soil that drains well. Loam and sandy soils are both suitable. The listed soil range runs from neutral to alkaline. Water plants often while their roots become established. Even established trees do best with fairly regular watering. The listed hardiness range is USDA zones 8–11. The source places its lower cold limit near 10–15°F. Growers can raise new plants from seed or stem cuttings.

The dense crown suits hedges, privacy screens, and windbreaks. It also serves as a lawn or street tree. Its evergreen leaves give gardens interest through the year. Flowers add scent and support visits from bees and butterflies. Care needs are low, and pests cause few problems overall. Argentine ants are a reported pest. Deer also browse the leaves. Fallen fruit and old leaves can make a mess. This litter can be a drawback beside paths and patios.