Ephedra gerardiana

Ephedra gerardiana is an evergreen shrub in the Ephedraceae family. Its common names include Ma Huang and Gerard jointfir. Its native range runs from Afghanistan to southwestern Siberia and the Himalaya. Records also place it in China, Bhutan, India and Nepal. It grows in cold subalpine or subarctic regions. Wild plants occupy stony slopes and gravel terraces in dry Himalayan areas. These sites lie at elevations of 7,900–16,400 feet [2,400–5,000 metres].

This low shrub forms dense clumps and thickets. The RHS describes plants around 2 feet [0.6 metres] tall. Its broader garden range reaches 1.6–3.3 feet [0.5–1 metre] in height and width. Upright shoots have clear joints and a deep green colour. The plant keeps its green growth through winter. It reaches its mature size within two to five years. Its compact form suits low planting in open, sunny places.

Small yellow-green flowers appear in summer and draw little attention. Female plants then bear red fruits. PFAF describes the fruit as sweet and edible raw. Each fruit measures about 0.28 inches [0.007 metres] across. The supplied evidence gives no other edible plant parts. PFAF reports no known hazards, but this does not establish safety. It also records medicinal use and active alkaloids in this species. Its medicinal rating should not be read as guidance for home treatment.

Grow this shrub in full sun with sharp soil drainage. Sandy soil suits it, with poor to moderate fertility. It accepts acid, neutral and alkaline soil conditions. The RHS records drought resistance, making it useful on dry sites. Both exposed and sheltered positions suit it. South-facing and west-facing sites match its need for sun. The RHS rates its hardiness H6; PFAF lists USDA zones 6–9.

Use it as ground cover or in a gravel garden. PFAF suggests spacing plants about 2 feet [0.6 metres] apart. Its dense growth can cover dry ground between larger plants. Local people also use its small, close-grained wood as fuel. The wood lacks the size needed for commercial use. The RHS reports few pest or disease problems. Routine pruning is not needed. Raise new plants from seed or divide existing clumps. These traits suit gardens where little routine care is planned.