Erythronium umbilicatum aka Dimpled Troutlily

Erythronium umbilicatum, or dimpled trout lily, belongs to the lily family, Liliaceae. Its native range runs from West Virginia through the southeastern United States. It grows across North Carolina, from coastal areas to the mountains. Wild plants live in damp bottomland woods and on wooded slopes. They also grow in upland sites with drier soil. This bulbous perennial grows in a temperate climate.

Plants stand about 0.33–0.83 feet [0.10–0.25 metres] tall when mature. Their spread reaches about 0.33–0.58 feet [0.10–0.18 metres]. A small, pointed white bulb supports the upright growth. The bulbs multiply underground and can build colonies over time. They often sit deep in the soil. Digging them out can damage the plant. Leaves emerge in early spring, followed by the flower. The growth above ground dies back by summer.

Two fleshy leaves grow from the base of each plant. They have an oval shape, smooth edges, and no hairs. Irregular patches of green, brown, and purple mark their green surface. The leaf description gives lengths of 0.25–0.42 feet [0.08–0.13 metres]. The broader size listing extends to 0.5 feet [0.15 metres]. A green stem carries a single flower above the leaves. The stem has no scent.

Flowers open from February through April, nodding downward on their stalks. Each has six petals that bend back from the centre. Yellow colours the inner surface, while brown-purple streaks mark the outside. The stamens also show a strong brown-purple colour. Bees visit the flowers, and the plant also attracts ants. From April through June, the fruit forms a capsule. It changes from green to yellow as it matures. A hollow at its end gives the fruit a dimpled look. Ants carry away the seeds.

In gardens, give this plant moist soil rich in organic matter. Good drainage suits it, though it also tolerates occasional dry spells. It grows in partial shade or deep shade. North Carolina State lists USDA hardiness zones 4a through 9b. Woodland beds, shade gardens, and native plant gardens suit its needs. It also fits rain gardens and sites beside ponds or streams. Both the patterned leaves and yellow flowers add spring interest. Its maintenance needs are low. Gardeners can raise new plants from seed or by division.