Euphorbia cotinifolia aka Tropical Smokebush

Euphorbia cotinifolia is a tropical shrub in the spurge family. Gardeners call it Caribbean copper plant or smoketree spurge. Its native range runs from Mexico through tropical America. This includes Central America, South America, and some Caribbean islands. It resembles smoketree, but the two belong to different families. It keeps its leaves in warm conditions. Cold near 35°F can make the leaves fall.

Garden shrubs reach 10–15 feet [3–4.6 metres] tall. Their spread reaches 10–15 feet [3–4.6 metres]. Plants trained as trees can reach 30 feet [9.1 metres]. Pots keep plants much smaller. Growth is moderate, with many branches and a rounded shape. Smooth stems range from deep burgundy to purple. The light brown bark may show raised rings. Broad, oval to round leaves grow on long stalks. They form whorls, often with three leaves together. New leaves start red and turn dark burgundy. They feel slightly fleshy and have smooth edges. Potted plants have smaller leaves.

Small flowers grow in loose panicles at the branch tips. Garden sources place bloom in summer, with June often listed. Tropical accounts report that flowering can continue throughout the year. The flowers lack petals and have white or cream bracts. These pale bracts stand out against the dark leaves. Fruits are small brown capsules with three sections. They measure up to 4 millimetres across. Their brown seeds have tiny pits on the surface.

Grow this plant in full sun or light shade. Some afternoon shade helps prevent leaf scorch in inland sites. It needs soil that drains well and prefers moderate moisture. It tolerates drought but benefits from water during dry summers. Wet, poorly drained soil can lead to root rot. It cannot withstand frost and suits USDA zones 10–11. In colder places, gardeners grow it as a foliage annual. They can also bring potted plants indoors for winter. Use it in borders, as a specimen, or in mixed containers. It resists deer, rabbits, and air pollution. Wind and salt can cause problems.

Serious pest and disease problems are uncommon. Aphids, mealybugs, nematodes, and spider mites may still occur. All parts contain toxic milky sap. It can cause skin rashes, blisters, and severe eye damage. Eating plant parts can blister the mouth and lips. Keep it away from children and pets. Wear gloves and eye protection when handling or pruning it. No edible uses are known. Traditional uses include treating sores and infected nails with plant material. People have also used the sap as fish and arrow poison. These reported uses do not establish that it is safe.