Ficus neriifolia

Ficus neriifolia, or willow-leaf fig, is a tree from Asia. Its range includes China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar. It grows in forests across China and the Himalayas. These include forests with conifers and broadleaf trees. NC State describes it as evergreen. Useful Tropical Plants instead lists it as deciduous. Both sources describe a tree suited to bonsai culture.

In the wild, it can reach 50 feet [15 metres]. Gardeners often prune indoor bonsai to about 3 feet [0.9 metres]. These sizes reflect different growing forms, not a fixed garden range. The tree grows fast and forms dense foliage. Its smooth bark has a grey to dark grey tone. The green leaves feel leathery and have no hairs. Each leaf is simple, with smooth edges and a narrow shape. Some leaves have an uneven outline. They reach 7 inches long and resemble willow leaves. Humid air helps the tree form aerial roots.

Small green flowers sit inside the structure that becomes a fig. Wasps pollinate the flowers within this enclosed space. The green figs grow in pairs on older branches. Their shape ranges from round to oval or cylindrical. Sources give a width of about 3.25 to 4 inches. People eat the fruit raw and gather it locally for food. The tree also feeds the endangered black crested gibbon. Its leaves serve as livestock feed, and people burn its wood. Useful Tropical Plants records a local medicinal use for its latex. People apply it to boils on the tongue.

This fig needs warmth, sun, and steady soil moisture. NC State recommends full sun and high humidity for bonsai. Growth stops when temperatures fall below 60°F. Its listed USDA hardiness range is zones 10–11. It suits soil rich in organic matter with good drainage. Sandy or loamy soil and neutral pH meet the listed needs. It handles pruning well, which helps gardeners shape small trees. Containers, indoor displays, and specimen planting are supported uses. Gardeners can raise it from stem or root cuttings. Air layering and seed offer other ways to propagate it.

Too much water can cause fungal problems or root rot. Thrips and fern scale are listed insect pests. Cuts release sticky sap that can soil nearby surfaces. NC State warns that this sap can irritate skin. Useful Tropical Plants lists no known hazards. That statement does not resolve safety for people or pets.