Garrya fremontii aka Fremont Silktassel

Garrya fremontii is an evergreen shrub in the Garryaceae family. Its common names include Fremont silktassel, feverbush, and quinine bush. It grows in the western United States, from Washington through California. Its range also reaches western Nevada. It occurs in the Cascades, Sierra Nevada, and nearby coastal mountains. Wild plants grow in dry chaparral and several forest types. These sites range from sea level to 7,218 feet [2,200 metres].

The shrub forms a dense shape with many branches. The RHS gives a garden height and spread of 8–13 feet [2.5–4 metres]. Oregon State reports heights reaching 15 feet [4.5 metres]. Plants take 10–20 years to reach their full size. The smooth bark is ash grey with dark stripes. Young shoots are green and lack hairs. They later turn reddish brown-green. Leaves grow in opposite pairs and stay through winter. They are oval, leathery, and smooth along the edges. Their upper sides shine, while the undersides look paler. Some leaves have fine hairs below. Leaf size varies, with the RHS recording lengths near four inches.

Male and female flowers grow on separate plants. In spring, hanging catkins carry small flowers without petals. Their colours range from yellow to pinkish or pale purple. Oregon State records male catkins around two to six inches long. Female catkins are shorter and form dense clusters. Female plants can then bear small, rounded to oval fruits. These ripen from green to deep purple or blue-black. The fruits grow in pairs along hanging clusters. Some have sparse hairs, and they can remain on the plant.

Grow this shrub in sun or partial shade. The RHS lists clay, loam, sand, and chalk as suitable soils. It accepts acid, neutral, and alkaline conditions with good drainage. The RHS allows moist soil, while Oregon State says summer irrigation is unnecessary. Oregon State rates it hardy to USDA Zone 6. The RHS assigns UK hardiness rating H4. Suggested garden uses include hedges, screens, coastal sites, and wall-side borders. Growers can raise new plants from semi-hardwood cuttings.

The RHS reports few pest problems. Leaf spot can occur, and honey fungus is a rare risk. Plants For A Future lists no known edible uses. It records bitter leaves used as a tonic and quinine substitute. That record describes medicinal use, not proof of safety or benefit. The same source lists no known hazards or other uses.