Gasteria batesiana aka Little Warty

Gasteria batesiana is an evergreen succulent in the Asphodelaceae family. Gardeners also call it cow tongue or Bates gasteria. It comes from northeastern South Africa, including Limpopo and northern KwaZulu-Natal. It grows on cliffs in hot, dry river valleys. These sites offer shade and shallow soil rich in humus. The thick leaves store water through dry spells.

This small, stemless plant forms low clumps of rosettes. It reaches about 0.33 feet [0.1 metres] tall. Garden clumps can spread to 1.6 feet [0.5 metres]. LLIFLE gives a smaller spread of 0.26–0.98 feet [0.08–0.3 metres]. Young plants hold their leaves in two facing rows. With age, the leaves form a spiral rosette. The firm, dark green leaves have a rough surface. Bands of white spots cross both sides. Leaf shape and surface texture vary in wild plants. Strong light can bring out red tones. Thick roots can pull plants lower during dry weather.

Arching racemes rise about 1–1.5 feet [0.3–0.45 metres] above the plant. Their hanging, tubular flowers have swollen bases. They range from pink to pink-orange, with green or pale yellow tips. RHS and LLIFLE place flowering in spring. Chicago Botanic Garden records bloom from November through April. The flowers supply nectar, and sunbirds pollinate them. After flowering, capsules turn upright and split at the top. Wind carries away the flat, black seeds.

Give this plant a potting mix that drains freely. RHS recommends bright, filtered light when growing it under glass. Outdoors, it accepts sun or light shade in frost-free sites. Water during active growth without leaving the mix wet. Keep it dry during dormancy. It tolerates drought once its leaves hold enough water. RHS assigns hardiness H2, so protect it from freezing. Chicago Botanic Garden lists USDA zones 9–11. LLIFLE reports brief cold tolerance near 30°F, but RHS takes a more cautious view.

Its small size suits pots, windowsills, and small succulent gardens. In warm climates, it also fits rock gardens and borders. It grows slowly and can live for many years. RHS gives two to five years to reach full size. Grow new plants from seed or leaf cuttings. Established clumps also produce offsets. No routine pruning is needed. RHS reports few pest or disease problems.