Gliricidia sepium aka Quick Stick

Gliricidia sepium is a shrub or small tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. Its native range runs from Mexico to Colombia. Common names include quick stick and madre de cacao. It grows in tropical regions with a marked dry season. Wild plants colonise disturbed ground, river banks, dunes and fallow fields. People grow it across many warm regions for shade and farm use.

In cultivation, it reaches about 33 feet [10 metres] tall and 26 feet [8 metres] wide. Some trees reach 49 feet [15 metres]. The crown is open, with branches that arch outward. The trunk may twist or lean as it grows. Its diameter can reach about 1 foot [0.3 metres]. The tree sheds its leaves where the dry season is clear. In places with year-round rain, it may keep its leaves. Its fine foliage casts light shade rather than dense cover.

Dense racemes of nectar-rich flowers weigh down the arching branches. These blooms give the tree value as an ornamental. Bees and other insects pollinate the flowers. The plant is not self-fertile. Where rain falls throughout the year, it may flower at scattered times. Seed production can be low under those conditions. Growers raise new plants from seeds or cuttings. Fresh seeds often need no treatment before sowing. Older seeds may need an overnight hot-water soak.

Give this fast-growing tree full sun and soil that drains well. It accepts sandy, loamy and clay soils. It grows in mildly acid, neutral or mildly alkaline ground. It prefers moist soil but can withstand drought. It also tolerates saline soil and strong winds, though not coastal exposure. USDA zones 10–12 suit its frost-tender growth. Young shoots can suffer severe damage at 30°F [-1°C]. Temperatures near 28°F [-2°C] can kill mature plants.

Farmers use it for living fences, crop shade and plant supports. It also supplies fodder, fuel, charcoal, wood and green manure. Root bacteria help it fix nitrogen. Plantings can improve soil and help hold loose ground. The tree can become weedy as it spreads into open sites. Reports describe cooked flowers and leaves as food, but toxicity reports conflict with these uses. Leaves, seeds and bark pose risks to people. Leaves are also reported toxic to dogs and horses. Traditional medicine uses do not remove these safety concerns.