Illicium verum aka Chinese Star Anise

Illicium verum, or star anise, is an evergreen tree. It belongs to the Schisandraceae family. Its native range spans southern Guangxi in China and northern Vietnam. It grows in woods, thickets, and forests in this region. People grow it widely in China for fruit and oil. It also grows as an ornamental beyond its native range.

Size varies with climate and growing conditions. Plants in Britain seldom exceed about 10 feet [3 metres]. A garden account gives 16 feet [5 metres] in height. It gives a spread of about 10 feet [3 metres]. Tropical accounts describe trees reaching 26–49 feet [8–15 metres]. Rare trees reach about 66 feet [20 metres]. The trunk can grow straight and round in cross-section. Its width can reach about 1 foot [0.3 metres]. The tree keeps its leaves throughout the year.

Flowers appear from March to May, according to Plants For A Future. Each flower has both male and female parts. Seeds ripen in October, and ripe fruits open to expose them. Growers harvest the fruit for its use as a spice. It adds flavour to curries, tea, and pickles. It also forms part of Chinese five-spice powder. Food makers use its oil in drinks and baked goods.

Plant it in moist soil that drains well. A light loam rich in humus suits it best. It can grow in sandy soil as well. Sources support mildly acid to neutral soil and advise avoiding lime. It grows in sun or light shade. A sheltered spot helps protect it from cold. British gardens may need a south-facing or west-facing wall. Reported cold tolerance falls between 14°F and 23°F [-10°C and -5°C]. Plants For A Future lists USDA zones 7–10 but calls it frost tender. Young plants need frost protection during their first winters.

Its evergreen growth suits sheltered woodland edges and lightly shaded sites. People also plant it at temples and graves in Japan. Crushed bark serves as incense. Traditional medicine uses the fruit for digestive troubles and cough remedies. These uses do not establish safety or treatment value. Small amounts serve as a food flavouring, but large amounts can poison people. The evidence gives no safe dose for home medicinal use.