Morinda citrifolia aka Noni

Morinda citrifolia is an evergreen shrub or small tree. Common names include noni and Indian mulberry. It belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Its native range spans tropical and subtropical Asia to northern Australia. It grows along coasts and in several woodland types. It also colonises land after farming or bush fires.

In gardens, noni reaches about 10–18 feet [3–5.49 metres]. Useful Tropical Plants gives a usual height of 6.6–19.7 feet [2–6 metres]. It records occasional trees reaching 32.8 feet [10 metres]. Garden plants spread to about 15 feet [4.57 metres]. A straight trunk supports a cone-shaped crown with large leaves. The foliage stays on the plant through the year. White flowers appear seasonally, followed by lumpy, potato-shaped fruit. Both flowers and fruit add interest to the garden.

Noni needs warmth and grows outdoors in USDA zones 11–12. Leaves begin to suffer below 55–60°F. Temperatures below 35–40°F can kill the plant. It grows best in rich soil that stays moist but drains well. It also accepts sandy, rocky and poor soils. Full sun or part shade suits it best. Full shade reduces both flowers and fruit. Established outdoor plants cope with some drought. In colder regions, grow it indoors in a large pot. Give indoor plants bright light and keep their soil consistently moist.

Gardeners use noni as a specimen, hedge or living fence. Its large leaves and odd fruit provide its main landscape value. It can also help restore woodland as a pioneer tree. The roots yield a red dye used in traditional textiles. Growers raise it for food and long-standing medicinal uses. Many health claims made for noni juice lack sound medical confirmation. It has no major pest or disease problems reported. Possible pests include aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies and root-knot nematodes. Leaf spots and blights can also occur.

The fruit has several food uses despite its strong smell. Ripe fruit smells like spoiled cheese and has an unpleasant taste. People eat it raw, prepare it, or make sweetened drinks. Unripe fruit goes into curries and sambals. Fruit juice also flavours sauces, dressings and marinades. Young leaves and blanched shoots are eaten raw or steamed. Useful Tropical Plants lists no known hazards. That report does not establish the safety of medicinal doses.