Nageia nagi aka Kaphal

Nageia nagi, or nagi, is an evergreen tree in the Podocarpaceae family. Its native range spans southern China, southern Japan, and Taiwan. It grows in forests on hills and low mountains. On dry slopes, it often grows near streams. It can also grow in thickets after forest loss. Useful Tropical Plants reports a Near Threatened listing from 2013. Loss of habitat and digging up wild trees threaten it.

In gardens, nagi often reaches 30–40 feet [9–12 metres]. Missouri Botanical Garden also lists a height of 50 feet [15 metres]. Its listed spread reaches 25 feet [7.6 metres]. Some trees reach 80 feet [24 metres]. Forest accounts give heights of 66–98 feet [20–30 metres]. The tree has a loose, pyramidal shape and one main trunk. Its branches form an even pattern around that trunk. It can also grow as a large shrub. The bark peels as the tree grows.

The leaves are dark green, glossy, and leathery. Their shape ranges from oval to egg-shaped. They reach about three inches long and lack a central midrib. Many veins run along each leaf instead. Male and female cones grow on separate trees. Wind carries the pollen, and plants do not fertilise themselves. Sources describe yellow blooms in spring, with little show value. Female trees bear round, fruit-like structures about half an inch wide. A waxy coating gives them a plum-like look.

Grow nagi in sun or part shade, with moist, well-drained loam. It tolerates poor soil and drought once growing in place. Missouri Botanical Garden gives conflicting hardiness ranges: USDA 8b–10 and 9–11. In colder places, gardeners can keep it in movable pots. Bring these indoors before winter, and water them more consistently. Protect pot-grown plants from full sun when moving them outside. Few serious pests or diseases trouble this tree. Poor drainage can cause root rot; sooty mold may also occur.

Nagi serves as a specimen, hedge, screen, or foundation plant. Its evergreen leaves add winter interest and suit cut arrangements. Gardeners also grow it as bonsai and as a street tree. Its wood goes into buildings, bridges, furniture, and small crafted goods. Young leaves are sometimes parboiled and eaten. Seeds yield edible oil that also has industrial uses. Plants For A Future reports no known medicinal uses or hazards. That report does not establish safety for pets or every use.