Onychium japonicum aka Carrot Fern

Onychium japonicum is a small fern in the Pteridaceae family. Its common names include carrot fern and claw fern. It comes from Asia, including central and eastern China. NC State also lists the Philippines and Vietnam within its range. The name carrot fern refers to its finely cut foliage. This perennial forms clumps and sheds its fronds each year.

Plants reach about 1.5 feet [0.45 metres] tall and wide. The RHS gives an upper size of 1.6 feet [0.5 metres]. Growth is slow, with full size taking five to ten years. Thin, black stems hold the green fronds upright or arching. The soft fronds have leaflets split up to three times. This fine branching gives the foliage a light, feathery look. Underground stems, called rhizomes, store energy beneath the soil. The plant also keeps its growing points below ground. It has no flowers or fruit and reproduces through spores.

Grow this fern in moist soil that drains well. Add plenty of organic matter to suit its needs. Both loam and sandy soil can support its growth. It accepts acid, neutral, or alkaline soil. Dappled light or partial shade suits it well. NC State also records tolerance of deep shade. Choose a sheltered site, since cold limits its outdoor use. The RHS rates it H3 for mild UK areas. In colder places, protect it with mulch during winter. Plants in pots can move indoors during cold weather.

Its small size suits borders, beds, and gardens with little space. It also fits shade gardens, cottage gardens, and informal planting. The RHS lists courtyard gardens and patio pots as suitable uses. Containers offer a way to grow it with winter shelter. Its divided foliage provides interest without flowers or fruit. Deer resistance adds value where browsing causes garden damage. Allow for its slow growth when choosing a planting spot.

Routine care includes cutting away dead or damaged fronds. New plants can come from division or spores. Neither source identifies a major pest or disease problem. The RHS describes both pests and diseases as uncommon. NC State lists the fern as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The supplied sources give no evidence of edible uses. That pet safety listing does not establish its value as food.