Pericallis lanata aka Woolly Cineraria

Pericallis lanata is endemic to the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the northwest coast of Africa. It grows primarily on the island of Tenerife, where it thrives in the subtropical biome on volcanic slopes and mountainous terrain. The plant has adapted remarkably well to the unique microclimates and volcanic soils of its island habitat, with its woolly leaves helping it survive dry periods.

Pericallis lanata typically grows to 30-60 cm (12-24 inches) in height, though some specimens can reach up to 100 cm (40 inches) in ideal conditions. The plant spreads to about 30-45 cm (12-18 inches) wide. It grows as a bushy perennial that eventually develops a woody base, giving it an almost shrubby character. Growth rate is moderate, with plants blooming 16-18 weeks after seed germination.

Pericallis lanata prefers cool temperatures between 15-25°C (59-77°F) during the day. Crucially, it requires cooler nights (10-18°C/50-65°F) to thrive and bloom well. The plant is heat-sensitive and struggles when temperatures exceed 25°C. It can tolerate temperatures down to about 2°C (35°F) but is not frost-hardy. In warm climates, grow it in a cool greenhouse or during cooler months.

Pericallis lanata thrives in moderate to high humidity environments. In dry indoor conditions, use a humidifier or place the pot on a pebble tray filled with water to increase ambient moisture. Morning misting of the foliage can also help, but ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases. The plant's woolly leaves help it retain moisture, but consistently dry air will stress it.

Pericallis lanata produces stunning clusters of daisy-like flowers in shades of purple, blue, pink, and white from late winter through spring. The flower heads are arranged in capitula and can bloom for 3-4 weeks when conditions are ideal. This species is one of the parent plants of the popular florist's cineraria hybrid. Unfortunately, plants typically bloom only once before declining, making it a spectacular but short-lived display.

Pericallis lanata is primarily propagated from seed, though stem cuttings are also possible. For seeds, sow on the surface of moist seed-starting mix as they need light to germinate. Keep at 20-24°C (68-75°F) and maintain consistent moisture. Germination takes 10-15 days, with plants blooming 16-18 weeks later. For cuttings, take 10-15 cm non-flowering stem tips in autumn, dip in rooting hormone, and root in moist potting mix. Seeds can also be wind-dispersed in the wild.

Prune Pericallis lanata by removing spent flowers (deadheading) to encourage continued blooming and maintain appearance. Cut back any dead or damaged leaves as they appear. To promote bushier growth, pinch back the growing tips when the plant is young. This encourages branching and results in a fuller plant with more flowers. Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears to make clean cuts and prevent disease transmission.

Repot Pericallis lanata every 1-2 years or when it outgrows its current container. Choose a pot only slightly larger than the current one with good drainage holes. Spring is the best time to repot. Use a well-draining potting mix with peat moss or coir, perlite, and loamy soil. Since these plants are often grown as annuals and decline after flowering, repotting is mainly relevant for plants you're maintaining as perennials.

Aphids are the most common and problematic pest, often infesting leaf axils and undersides. Whiteflies, spider mites, and leaf miners also attack this plant. Treat sucking pests with insecticidal soap or neem oil. For diseases, powdery mildew and gray mold (Botrytis) are frequent issues, especially in humid conditions with poor air circulation. Prevent fungal problems by ensuring good airflow, avoiding overhead watering, and keeping foliage dry. Root rot occurs in waterlogged soil.

Yellow leaves on Pericallis lanata typically indicate watering issues or nutrient deficiency. Overwatering causes root problems leading to yellowing, while underwatering stresses the plant. Ensure soil stays consistently moist but never soggy. High temperatures can also cause yellowing as the plant struggles in heat. Check for aphid infestations on leaf undersides, as heavy pest pressure drains plant vigor. If yellowing occurs after flowering, it may simply be the natural decline of this short-lived perennial.

Brown leaf tips or edges usually signal low humidity or inconsistent watering. Increase humidity with a pebble tray or humidifier. Brown patches may indicate sunburn from direct hot sunlight—move to bright indirect light. Fungal diseases like leaf spots cause brown lesions; improve air circulation and avoid wetting foliage. Root rot from overwatering causes brown, mushy leaves at the base. Heat stress also browns leaves, so keep temperatures below 25°C (77°F).

Drooping in Pericallis lanata is usually caused by underwatering—check soil moisture and water thoroughly if dry. However, overwatering can also cause wilting due to root rot, so check that roots are healthy and soil drains well. Heat stress causes rapid wilting; move the plant to a cooler location (under 25°C/77°F). If the plant has finished flowering, drooping may signal its natural decline. Severe pest infestations can also cause overall plant stress and wilting.

Pericallis lanata can grow outdoors in USDA zones 9-11, where winters stay above freezing. Plant in partial shade with rich, well-drained soil. In cooler climates, grow it as a cool-season annual planted in early spring or fall. Protect from frost with mulch around the base. The plant prefers temperatures between 15-25°C (59-77°F) and struggles in hot summers. In its native Canary Islands, it grows on volcanic slopes in subtropical conditions.

Pericallis lanata is typically grown as a cool-season plant. Start seeds in late summer or fall for winter/spring blooms. During active growth, maintain consistent moisture and feed with dilute liquid fertilizer until buds form, then stop feeding. Keep temperatures cool (15-25°C) and humidity high. After flowering ends (usually 3-4 weeks), the plant naturally declines. In mild climates, protect overwintering plants with mulch. Most gardeners treat it as an annual, replacing plants each season.

POWO recognizes two varieties: Pericallis lanata var. lanata (the typical form) and Pericallis lanata var. cyanophthalma. The species is also historically significant as one of the parent plants of the florist's cineraria hybrid (Pericallis × hybrida), first bred in 1777 from crosses with P. cruenta. Commercial cultivars include 'Kew Form' known to RHS. The popular Senetti series of garden cinerarias descends partly from this species.

With a bit of knowledge and dedication, you can successfully care for Woolly Cineraria, making it a rewarding choice for those seeking a moderate challenge.

Woolly Cineraria should be watered regularly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.

Woolly Cineraria loves a well-draining soil. Perlite and vermiculite help with drainage, while coco coir adds organic matter, so a good potting soil mix will have all three. You can improve store-bought soil by adding some perlite to it.

To ensure optimal growth, the Woolly Cineraria prefers bright indirect light for 6-8 hours each day. Insufficient light can result in slow growth and leaf drop, so it's important to find a well-lit location for this plant. Place it near a window, within a distance of 1 meter (3 feet), to enhance its potential for thriving.

Once the Woolly Cineraria has doubled in size or after a year has passed, it should be moved to a new pot. By replacing the soil with fresh potting soil containing all the vital nutrients, your plant will receive all the sustenance it needs, negating the requirement for fertilizer. It's important to remember that plants get their energy from the sun, not fertilizer.

No verified data on the toxicity of this plant exists within Ploi's records. Should you, someone in your family, or your pet ingest plant material with an unknown toxicity level, it is recommended to seek medical advice.