Peumus boldus aka Boldo

Peumus boldus, known as boldo or boldu, is an evergreen tree. It belongs to the Monimiaceae family. Its native range covers central and southern Chile. There, it grows on dry, sunny slopes in open woodland. It grows slowly and forms branches low on the trunk. Garden references give a height of about 20 feet [6 metres]. Another account records trees reaching 26 feet [8 metres]. The species has a Least Concern conservation status.

The tree keeps its leaves throughout the year. All parts have a scent, including the leaves and bark. The leaves smell of lemon and camphor. PFAF gives August to September as the flowering season. It also reports near year-round bloom at Kew in London. Male and female flowers grow on separate trees. Insects pollinate them, and the species cannot fertilise itself. Grow both sexes to obtain fruit and seed. The sweet, fragrant fruit reaches about 0.07 feet [0.02 metres] across.

Boldo prefers full sun and sandy soil that drains well. It favours acid soil but also accepts neutral conditions. It can grow in light shade, including woodland edges. Soil may be dry or moist, but excess wetness harms it. Its frost tolerance is limited. Useful Tropical Plants reports brief cold spells down to about −4°C. PFAF says most British gardens need greenhouse protection. Outdoor sites in the mildest areas may suit it. A sunny wall offers a possible planting site. Young plants need winter shelter before planting out.

Its evergreen growth and scent suit sheltered woodland garden edges. People eat the fruit raw or cook it. Leaves and bark also serve as food flavourings. These uses do not mean that all parts are safe. The leaves contain a toxic alkaloid. Boldo oil is highly toxic, and large doses can cause serious harm. Reported effects include kidney and urinary tract irritation, with paralysis after massive overdoses. People with kidney disease should avoid medicinal use. Traditional Chilean medicine uses boldo for liver and gallbladder complaints. Such use should not be read as proof of safety.

The bark supplies tannins and material for dye. The leaves yield an essential oil. People also dry and crush leaves to scent clothes and deter insects. Dried fruits serve as beads and release a cinnamon scent when warm. The wood provides material for charcoal. PFAF reports no weed potential. Seed and half-ripe cuttings offer ways to raise new plants.