Philodendron hastatum aka Silver Sword

Philodendron hastatum is an evergreen climber from southeast Brazil. It belongs to the arum family, Araceae. In the wild, it grows beneath tropical rain forest trees. This warm, shaded home helps explain its needs indoors. Gardeners grow it for its leaves and climbing form. It suits pots, hanging baskets, and indoor vertical displays.

Indoor plants can reach 10–15 feet [3–4.6 metres] tall. The RHS gives a smaller height of 8–13 feet [2.5–4 metres]. Reported spreads range from 1–3.3 feet [0.3–1 metre]. Outdoor plants may reach 20–30 feet [6–9 metres]. Growth is fast, and climbing stems need a moss pole or trellis. Trim stems when needed; routine pruning is not required. Plants may take five to ten years to reach full size.

The smooth, glossy leaves change shape as they grow. Sources differ on the exact sequence of these changes. The RHS describes oval young leaves that become arrow-shaped. NC State describes arrow-shaped leaves that lengthen and develop three lobes. Mature leaves can reach 2 feet [0.6 metres] long. Their green or blue-green surface may have a silver sheen. NC State also notes copper leaf undersides and reddish-orange new growth. Flowers form a spadix within a surrounding spathe. The RHS describes a green spathe with a bright red interior. NC State lists white flowers in spring and summer. Indoor plants seldom bloom.

Give this vine bright, filtered light, away from hot direct sun. Use a loose, rich potting mix that drains well. Water moderately during growth, and feed monthly with balanced liquid fertilizer. Reduce watering outside the growing season. Let the soil surface dry slightly between waterings. Warm rooms and high humidity suit it best. Avoid cold drafts and sudden drops in temperature. NC State lists USDA zones 10–11; the RHS rates it H1B. In Britain, grow it under glass, with summer outdoor placement possible.

Watch for spider mites, scale insects, aphids, and mealybugs. Too much water can lead to root rot. Good airflow and keeping watering splashes off leaves help prevent leaf spots. The RHS reports few disease problems under suitable conditions. This plant is harmful to people and pets if eaten. Calcium oxalate crystals can irritate the mouth and stomach. Its sap can also irritate skin and eyes. Wear gloves when handling it.