Planera aquatica aka Water Elm

Planera aquatica, or water elm, belongs to the elm family. Its native range covers the central and southeastern United States. It grows in floodplains, swamps, and other wet ground. In nature, it almost always lives in wetlands. This deciduous tree grows slowly and has a long life. It can also take the form of a large shrub.

Water elm forms a small tree reaching 35 feet (10.7 metres). It often has several stems and a short trunk. Its crown spreads low or forms a vase shape. In wet sites, its roots may become flared and flat. The gray-brown bark breaks into scales and sheds in patches. Freshly exposed areas can show red tones beneath the surface. Slender twigs bend in a slight zigzag pattern. Young twigs have hairs, but lose them as they age. Their color ranges from reddish brown to gray-brown.

The simple leaves grow alternately along the stems. They range from egg-shaped to roughly triangular, with toothed edges. Their bases are often uneven on the two sides. The upper surface is dark green; the underside is paler. Leaves measure about 0.08–0.25 feet (0.025–0.076 metres) long. Small green flowers appear in spring but draw little notice. Their stigmas curl and have a fuzzy surface. The black fruit also appears in spring. Each stalked drupe has a leathery surface with fleshy bumps. The detailed fruit account gives a length near 0.04 feet (0.013 metres).

Grow water elm in full sun or partial shade. It suits moist ground and sites that flood at times. It also tolerates frequent standing water and wet soil. Sandy, gravelly, or shallow rocky ground matches its listed conditions. Soil can range from acid to neutral. North Carolina State lists USDA hardiness zones 6a through 9b. The same source rates its maintenance needs as low. Its slow growth and wetland habit help define its garden role.

Water elm suits pond edges, water gardens, and native plant gardens. Its spreading crown and peeling bark provide interest beyond flowers. A wet site fits its needs better than dry ground. North Carolina State reports resistance to Dutch elm disease. The supplied evidence gives no further pest or disease details. It also does not establish edible uses or toxicity.