Polystichum braunii aka Braun's Hollyfern

Polystichum braunii, or Braun's holly fern, is a perennial fern. Its native range spans temperate Eurasia and North America. It is not native to Britain or Ireland. Other names include bear's bed and shield fern. Its fronds may stay green year-round or lose some winter leaves. A creeping rhizome forms crowns that grow into dense clumps.

The fronds stand upright, then arch into a broad vase. Garden plants reach about 1.6–3.3 feet [0.5–1 metre] tall and wide. NC State gives a smaller height range of 1.7–2.3 feet [0.5–0.7 metres]. Its listed spread reaches 3 feet [0.9 metres]. Growth is moderate, with full size reached in five to ten years. The dark green fronds have a glossy, leathery surface. Each lance-shaped blade divides twice and narrows toward its base. Closely set leaflets give the plant a dense look. Small bristles edge the leaflets. Scales cover the leaf stalks, central axes, and curled young fronds. NC State describes silver scales that turn brown with age. The RHS notes orange-brown scales on new spring growth.

This fern has no flowers and bears no fruit. It reproduces through spores rather than seeds. Gardeners can raise it from spores or divide established plants. Its foliage supplies the main garden interest through the seasons. The arching form suits shaded borders and woodland gardens. It also fits natural-style plantings, rock gardens, and shaded banks. The RHS lists containers and informal gardens among its uses. Groups of plants can form a leafy mass in shade.

Grow it in cool soil with plenty of humus. It accepts full shade, partial shade, and light filtered through trees. Keep the soil moist, but allow excess water to drain. Established plants can cope with some dry soil. That tolerance does not replace its preference for moist ground. Clay, loam, and sand can all suit it with drainage. It accepts acid, neutral, and alkaline soil. Published hardiness ratings are USDA zones 3–8 and RHS H5.

Care needs are low where soil and shade suit it. Remove dead or damaged fronds in early spring. Deer and rabbits tend to leave the foliage alone. Serious insect and disease problems are not usual. Poor drainage can lead to crown rot, with winter posing added risk. The supplied sources give no food uses or toxicity assessment. They therefore do not establish whether any part is safe to eat.