Quercus ilex aka Holm Oak

Quercus ilex, also known as the evergreen oak, holly oak, or holm oak, is a large tree native to the Mediterranean region. With its black, finely cracked bark and massive rounded crown, it is a striking sight. This evergreen tree has glossy dark green, ovate leaves that are whitish underneath, creating a beautiful contrast with its young foliage and yellow catkins. The Quercus ilex is a versatile plant that can be easily grown and responds well to pruning, making it suitable for hedging or wind-breaks. If left to grow freely, it can reach heights of 40 to 70 feet (12 to 21 m) with a similar spread, developing a well-rounded head and low-hanging branches. Its bark is dark and cracked, earning it the common name of Holly Oak due to the resemblance of its leaves to those of the Holly tree (Ilex aquifolium).