Quercus semecarpifolia aka Brown Oak

Quercus semecarpifolia, or brown oak, is an evergreen tree in the beech family, Fagaceae. Its native range runs from eastern Afghanistan to northern Thailand. It grows in temperate mountain regions across the Himalayas. There, it can dominate slopes that face north. These woods occur around 7,900–11,800 feet [2,400–3,600 metres] above sea level. In China, it reaches the tree line and forms shrubby thickets.

The crown is rounded, with spreading branches. The RHS garden size classes exceed 39 feet [12 metres] tall and 26 feet [8 metres] wide. In mild, sheltered sites, trees can exceed 66 feet [20 metres]. The bark has deep cracks and a brown-grey colour. The leaves feel tough and have an oblong or oval shape. They reach about 0.36 feet [0.11 metres] long. Young leaves may have wavy edges with spiny teeth. Older leaves become glossy dark green, with smooth edges. Round acorns grow alone or in groups of three to six. Each sits in a shallow cup.

Grow this oak in full sun and deep, fertile soil. It needs moist soil that drains well. It accepts chalk, clay, loam and sand. Acid, neutral and alkaline soils all suit it. The RHS rates it H5 for UK hardiness. Plants For A Future lists USDA zones 7–10. The RHS gives a maturity period of 20–50 years. Its broad crown suits a woodland canopy or a large garden. Its form also gives structure to a planting. Propagate it from fresh fallen seed or late-summer semi-ripe cuttings.

Possible pests include aphids, caterpillars and moths that mine leaves. Oak processionary moth and oak gall wasps may also attack it. Powdery mildew and honey fungus are possible diseases. Its hard wood serves for building, fuel and charcoal. Bark and insect-made galls provide tannins; galls also yield dye. Leaf mulch has reported pest-repelling uses, but fresh leaves can hinder plant growth.

Plants For A Future records food use of cooked seeds. Bitter tannins must first be removed through thorough leaching. Ground seeds can thicken stews or join cereal flour for bread. It also records traditional medicinal uses of bark juice and galls. Its hazard entry says none are known. However, the RHS warns that eating this plant can harm dogs. These food records do not establish that untreated acorns are safe.